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NUR 388 MIDTERM EXAM - MODULES 1-3
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NUR 388 MIDTERM EXAM - MODULES 1-3
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NUR 388 MIDTERM EXAM - MODULES 1-3Which statement best describes community-based nursing?
a. A practice in which care is provided for individuals and families.
b. Providing care with a focus on the group's needs.
c. Giving care with a focus on the aggregate's needs.
d. A value system in which all clients receive optimal care. - Answers-a. A
practice in which care is provided for individuals and families.
By definition, community-based nursing is a setting-specific practice in
which care is provided for "sick" individuals and families where they live,
work, and attend school. The emphasis is on acute and chronic care and
the provision of comprehensive, coordinated, and continuous care. These
nurses may be generalists or specialists in maternal-infant, pediatric, adult,
or psychiatric mental health nursing. Community-based nursing
emphasizes acute and chronic care to individuals and families, rather than
focusing on groups, aggregates, or systems.
Which of the following is the primary focus of public health nursing?
a. Families and groups
b. Illness-oriented care
c. Individuals within the family unit
d. Health care of communities and populations - Answers-d. Health care of
communities and populations
In public health nursing, the primary focus is on the health care of
communities and populations rather than on individuals, groups, and
families. The goal is to prevent disease and preserve, promote, restore,
and protect health for the community and the population within it.
Community-based nurses deal primarily with illness-oriented care of
individuals and families across the life span. The aim is to manage acute
and chronic health conditions in the community, and the focus of practice is
on individual or family-centered illness care.
,Which of the following is responsible for the dramatic increase in life
expectancy during the 20th century?
a. Technology increases in the field of medical laboratory research
b. Advances in surgical techniques and procedures
c. Sanitation and other population-based prevention programs
d. Use of antibiotics to fight infections - Answers-c. Sanitation and other
population-based prevention programs
There has to be indisputable evidence collected over time that public health
policies and programs were primarily responsible for increasing the
average life span from 47 in 1900 to 78.6 years in 2017, an increase of
approximately 60% in just over a century plus through improvements in (1)
sanitation, (2) clean water supplies, (3) making workplaces safer, (4)
improving food and drug safety, (5) immunizing children, and (6) improving
nutrition, hygiene, and housing. Although people are excited when a new
drug is discovered that cures a disease or when a new way to transplant
organs is perfected, it is important to know about the significant gains in the
health of populations that have come largely from public health
accomplishments.
Which statement best describes the goal of community-oriented nursing?
a. Providing care to individuals and families
b. Providing care to manage acute or chronic conditions
c. Giving direct care to ill individuals within their family setting
d. To preserve, protect, promote, or maintain health and prevent disease -
Answers-d. To preserve, protect, promote, or maintain health and prevent
disease
By definition, community-oriented nursing has the goal of preserving,
protecting, or maintaining health and preventing disease to promote the
quality of life. All nurses may focus on individuals and families, give direct
care to ill persons within their family setting, and help manage acute or
chronic conditions.
A nurse is developing a plan to decrease the number of premature deaths
in the community. Which of the following interventions would most likely be
implemented by the nurse?
,a. Provide free healthcare to all citizens
b. To increase the number of individuals with access to effective health
care benefits
c. Lower the cost of health care to the American population
d. To lessen the governmental burden of providing health care to
Americans - Answers-b. To increase the number of individuals with access
to effective health care benefits
The central feature in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA)
of 2010 are the mechanisms to increase the number of people with health
insurance. The care provided is not necessarily free. While the cost of
health care and the burden it places on the American government are
serious concerns, they are not the primary focus of ACA.
What is the basic assumption stated by Healthy People 2010 as it relates to
public health efforts?
a. Health disparities among any groups are morally and legally wrong.
b. Health care is the most important priority in government planning and
funding.
c. The health of individuals cannot be separated from the health of the
community.
d. The government is responsible for lengthening the life span of
Americans. - Answers-c. The health of individuals cannot be separated
from the health of the community.
The major premise of Healthy People 2010 was that the health of the
individual cannot be entirely separate from the health of the larger
community. Public health practice focuses on the community as a whole,
and the effect of the community's health status (resources) on the health of
individuals, families, and groups. The goal is to prevent disease and
disability and promote and protect the health of the community as a whole.
Public health can be described as what society collectively does to ensure
that conditions exist in which people can be healthy. The basic
assumptions of public health do not judge the morality of health disparities.
The focus is on prevention of illness not on spending more on illness care.
Additionally, individual responsibility for making healthy choices is the
directive for lengthening life span not the role of the government.
, Which of the following actions would most likely be performed by a public
health nurse?
a. Asking community leaders what interventions should be chosen
b. Assessing the community and deciding on appropriate interventions
c. Using data from the main health care institutions in the community to
determine
needed health services
d. Working with community groups to create policies to improve the
environment - Answers-d. Working with community groups to create
policies to improve the environment
Although the public health nurse might engage in any of the tasks listed, he
or she works primarily with members of the community to carry out core
public health functions, including assessment of the population as a whole
and engaging in promoting health and improving the environment. The
interventions of asking community leaders which interventions should be
chosen, assessing the community and deciding on appropriate
interventions, and using data from health care institutions do not
demonstrate the engagement of the community when making decisions
about what the community actually wants and needs.
Which public health nurse most clearly fulfills the responsibilities of this
role?
a. The nurse who met with several groups to discuss community recreation
issues
b. The nurse who spent the day attending meetings of various health
agencies
c. The nurse who talked to several people about their particular health
concerns
d. The nurse who watched the city council meeting on local cable television
- Answers-b. The nurse who spent the day attending meetings of various
health agencies
Any of these descriptions might represent a nurse communicating,
cooperating, or collaborating with community residents or groups about
health concerns. A major challenge for the future is the need for public
health nursing specialists to be more aggressive in working collaboratively
with various groups in the community as well as professional colleagues in
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