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IB ESS Topic 5 questions well answered

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IB ESS Topic 5 questions well answered

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  • October 7, 2024
  • 9
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • IB ESS
  • IB ESS
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BravelRadon
IB ESS Topic 5

soil - correct answer ✔✔a complex ecosystem made up of minerals, organic material, gases and liquids
which forms the habitat for many species of plant and animal



soil storages - correct answer ✔✔the energy and matter within soil - organic matter, organisms,
nutrients, minerals, air and water



soil transfers - correct answer ✔✔biological mixing, translocation, leaching



translocation - correct answer ✔✔movement of soil particles in suspension (liquid)



leaching - correct answer ✔✔minerals dissolved in water moving through the soil



soil inputs - correct answer ✔✔organic matter from leaf litter and dead or decaying organisms -
inorganic matter from parent material (rock), precipitation and energy



soil outputs - correct answer ✔✔uptake by plants (minerals and water)

soil erosion



soil transformation - correct answer ✔✔decomposition or organic material taking place

weathering causes large particles (rocks) to become smaller

nutrient cycling within soil



minerals - correct answer ✔✔metal atoms and compounds which make up rocks - dissolved in water to
become an inorganic storage in soils



humus - correct answer ✔✔plant and animal material in the process of decomposition - generally the
top layer of soil

, soil horizons - correct answer ✔✔the layers of soil in a cross-section which is modified over time as
organic material leaches downwards and mineral material moves upwards



O (soil horizon) - correct answer ✔✔leaf litter - newly added organic material



A (soil horizon) - correct answer ✔✔mineral horizon at the surface showing organic matter enrichment -
where humus forms



B (soil horizon) - correct answer ✔✔subsoil horizon showing enrichment of clay material, iron aluminum,
or organic compounds - where soluble minerals and organic matter tends to be deposited from the layer
above



C (soil horizon) - correct answer ✔✔horizons of loosened or unconsolidated material - mainly weathered
rock from which soil forms



soil structure - correct answer ✔✔the proportions of clay <0.002mm particles, silt 0.002 - 0.05mm
particles, and sand 0.05 - 2mm particles



sandy soils - correct answer ✔✔gritty and fall apart easily - good drainage and air supply to the roots,
however, leaching is rapid



clay soils - correct answer ✔✔good nutrient retention, however, heavy soils which are relatively
impermeable and have poor drainage



loam soils - correct answer ✔✔roughly 40 - 40 - 20 sand, silt, clay

ideal for agriculture due to sand's drainage and porosity, clay's nutrient retention and silt keeping the
other two together



porosity - correct answer ✔✔e.g. high in sand soils, low in clay

the amount of space between particles in soil

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