llular energy. Mitochondria require oxygen for aerobic metabolism, using hydrogen and carbon
y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y:
combined with oxygen molecules to form carbon dioxide and water as energy is released.
y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y:
3. Which of the following aspects of the function of the nucleus is performed by ribosoma
y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y:
lRNA (rRNA)?
:
y y:
,Answerdone.com
A) Copying and carrying DNA instructions for protein synthesis
y: y: y: y: y: y: y:
B) Carrying amino acids to the site of protein synthesis
y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y:
C) Providing the site where protein synthesis occurs y: y: y: y: y: y:
D) Regulating and controlling protein synthesis y: y: y: y:
Ans: C y:
Feedback:
There are three types of ribonucleic acid (messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA)
y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: :
y
that move to the cytoplasm and carry out the actual synthesis of proteins.
y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y:
Messenger RNA (mRNA) copies and carries the DNA instructions for protein synthesis to th
y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y:
ecytoplasm; ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is the site of protein synthesis; and transfer RNA (tRNA
:
y y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y:
)transports amino acids to the site of protein synthesis for incorporation into the protein being
:
y y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y:
synthesized.
y:
4. Which accurately explains the functions of the organelles lysosomes? They:
y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y:
A) Are sacs filled with enzymes that breakdown and remove foreign substances and worn
y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y:
-out cell parts
:
y y: y:
B) Function in association with the endoplasmic reticulum to modify protein end product
y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y:
sand package them into secretory granules or vesicles
:
y y: y: y: y: y: y: y:
C) Are small particles of nucleoproteins that are involved in the synthesis of proteins tha
y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y:
tremain in the cell as cytoplasmic structural or functional elements
:
y y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y:
D) Are a dynamic system of interconnected membranous tubes that functions as a tubular
y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: :
y
communication system for transporting various substances from one part of the cell to anothe
y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y:
r
Ans: A y:
Feedback:
Lysosomes are sacs that are filled with hydrolytic enzymes that aid in the processing and remov
y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y:
al of unwanted substances within the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus functions in association
y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y:
with the endoplasmic reticulum to modify and package substances in preparation forsecretion,
y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: :
y y:
whereas ribosomes are small particles of nucleoproteins that are involved in the synthesis of pr
y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y:
oteins. The ER is a tubular communication system for transporting various substances from one
y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y:
part of the cell to another.
y: y: y: y: y: y:
, Answerdone.com
5. Impairment in the function of peroxisomes would result in: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y:
A) Inadequate sites for protein synthesis y: y: y: y:
B) An inability to transport cellular products across the cell membrane
y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y:
C) Insufficient energy production within a cell y: y: y: y: y:
D) Accumulation of free radicals in the cytoplasm y: y: y: y: y: y:
Ans: D y:
Feedback:
Peroxisomes function in the control of free radicals; unless degraded, these highly unstable
y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: :
y
chemical compounds damage other cytoplasmic molecules. Peroxisomes do not directly c
y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y:
ontribute to energy production, protein synthesis, or transport of cellular secretions.
y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y:
6. Although energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known as the ―power plants‖ of
y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: :
y
the cell because they:
y: y: y:
A) Contain RNA for protein synthesis y: y: y: y:
B) Utilize glycolysis for oxidative energy y: y: y: y:
C) Extract energy from organic compounds y: y: y: y:
D) Store calcium bonds for muscle contractions
y: y: y: y: y:
Ans: C y:
Feedback:
Mitochondria contain the enzymes needed for transforming organic compounds into energy that
y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: :
y
is easily accessible to the cell. Mitochondria contain their own DNA. Glycolysis is anaerobic m
y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y:
etabolism and unrelated to oxidative energy. Mitochondria store phosphate bonds (such as in A
y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y:
TP) to power cellular functions.
y: y: y: y:
7. Semen analysis indicates that the client's sperm have decreased motility. Which of the
y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: :
y
following cellular components may be defective within the client's sperm?
y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y: y:
A) Ribosomes
B) Microtubules
C) Mitochondria
D) Microfilaments
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