SLCC Human Physiology exam 4 with complete solutions

SLCC: Human Physiology exam 4 with
complete solutions
Internal ii(cellular) iiRespiration ii- iiAnswers ii-The iiuse iiof iiO2 iiwithin iimitochondria iito
iigenerate iiATP iiby iioxidative iiphosphorylation, iiand iithe iiproduction iiof iiCO2 iias iia
iiwaste iiproduct


External iiRespiration ii- iiAnswers ii-Exchange iiof iiO2 iiand iiCO2 iibetween iithe
iiatmosphere iiand iibody iitissues.


upper iiairways ii- iiAnswers ii-airways iiin iihead iiand iineck, iito iipharynx

Respiratory iiTract ii(Lower iiairways) ii- iiAnswers ii-Pharynx iito iithe iilungs, iiIncludes
iiconducting iizone iiand iirespiratory iizone.


Conducting iiZone ii- iiAnswers ii-Conducts iiair iifrom iilarynx iito iithe iilungs. iicontains
iimucous iiescalator. ii(Larynx ii-> iitrachea ii-> iibronchi ii-> iibronchioles ii-> iiterminal
iibronchioles)


Mucous iiescalator ii- iiAnswers ii-Goblet iicells iisecrete iimucus iithat iitraps iiparticles iiand
iicoats iiairways, iicilia iipropel iimucus iito iithe iipharynx iiwhere iiit iiis iiswallowed


Respiratory iizone ii- iiAnswers ii-lower iirespiratory iitract, iisites iifor iigas iiexchange.
iicontains ii300 iimillion iialveoli ii(Respiratory iibronchioles ii-> iialveolar iiducts ii-> iialveoli)


Type iiI iicells ii(alveolar) ii- iiAnswers ii-Wall iiof iialveoli, iisingle iilayer iiof iisimple iisquamous
iiepithelium


Type iiII iicells ii(alveolar) ii- iiAnswers ii-Secrete iisurfactant

Alveolar iiMacrophage ii- iiAnswers ii-immune iidefense iiin iithe iialveoli

gas iiexchange ii- iiAnswers ii-Blood iiin iicapillaries iimeets iiair iiin iialveoli iiat iirespiratory
iimembrane iiwhere iisimple iidiffusion iioccurs


Thoracic iiCavity ii- iiAnswers ii-rib iicage, iiintercostals, iidiaphragm, iipleura, iisternum,
iithoracic iivertebrae


Intercostal iimuscles ii- iiAnswers ii-Increase iivolume iiof iichest iicavity

, Diaphragm ii- iiAnswers ii-Muscle, iiBell iishaped iihigher iicenter. iiPulls iidownward iiand
iimakes iithoracic iicavity iitaller.


visceral iipleura ii- iiAnswers ii-portion iiof iipleural iisac iiconnected iito iithe iilung iitissue

Parietal iiPleura ii- iiAnswers ii-Portion iiof iipleural iisac iiconnected iito iithoracic iiwall

inter-pleural iispace ii- iiAnswers ii-fluid iifilled iipotential iispace iibetween iipleural
iimembranes.


Functional iiResidual iiCapacity ii(FRC) ii- iiAnswers ii-Volume iiof iiair iiin iilungs iibetween
iibreaths. iiAll iiforces iiacting iiacross iilungs iiand iichest iiwall iiare iibalanced, iiand iisystem
iiis iiin iisteady iistate.


forces iifor iipulmonary iiventilation ii- iiAnswers ii-air iiflow iidriven iiby iipressure iigradients.
4 iitypes iiof iipressure: ii
Atmospheric iiPressure
Intra-alveolar iipressure
intra-pleural iipressure
transpulmonary iipressure

atmospheric iipressure ii- iiAnswers ii-(P_atm) iipressure iiof iioutside iiair. ii760 iimmHg iiat
iisea iilevel. iiatmospheric iipressure iidecreases iias iielevation iiincreases. iiAll iiother iilung
iipressures iiare iirelative iito iiatmospheric iipressure.


intra-alveolar iipressure ii- iiAnswers ii-(P_alv) iipressure iiof iiair iiin iialveoli. iiAt iirest ii(FRC)
iipressure iiis ii0 iimmHg. iiwhen iipressure iiis iiless/greater iithan iiatmospheric iipressure
iiinspiration/expiration iioccurs iirespectively.


intra-pleural iipressure ii- iiAnswers ii-(P_ip) iipressure iiinside iithe iipleural iispace

transpulmonary iipressure ii- iiAnswers ii-(P_alv-P_ip) iidifference iibetween iiintra-pleural
iipressure iiand iiintra-alveolar iipressure


Boyles iiLaw ii- iiAnswers ii-For iiany iigas, iipressure iiis iiinversely iirelated iito iithe iivolume iiof
iicontainer.


Ideal iiGas iiLaw ii- iiAnswers ii-PV=nRT ii& iiP=nRT/V

P=pressure
V=volume
n=moles
R=constant
T=temperature