HSS 1100 FINAL EXAMINATION QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+;UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA
FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
Additional precautions - ANSWER- Prion diseases
- Diseases with air-borne transmission
- Diseases with droplet transmission
- Transmission by direct or indirect contact with dried skin or contaminated surfaces
Adenovirus - ANSWER• Asymptomatic infection common
• Vaccines used in army
Adenovirus - ANSWER• Pharyngitis and conjunctivitis; pneumonia in young children
• Children most commonly infected
Adenoviruses - ANSWER- Some types cause gastroenteritis in children
- Can NOT cultivate diarrhea type in cell culture
- Diagnosis by EM
Adjuvant vaccines - ANSWERare used to reduce the amount of vaccine protein per
dose
Antiseptics - ANSWER- used to inactivate transient & resident flora from site of
operation
- used for treatment and/or prevention of infection on skin surfaces or mucous
membranes
Antiseptics - ANSWERused to inactivate & remove flora from hands prior to surgical
procedures
Arbovirus - ANSWER• over 200 different types
• Tropical rainforest areas Eg.WestNile
• Encephalitis
Calici- and Astro- viruses - ANSWER- Sporadic gastroenteritis in children
- EM diagnosis
- Fecal-oral route of transmission
Chemical disinfection - ANSWERhe didn't put any examples but chemical disinfection id
the other method
Clinical HIV - ANSWER- Incubation 6 months-several yrs
,- AIDS-related Complex disease, progress to AIDS
Clinical HIV - ANSWERTerminal stage patients develop dementias, other neurological
problems, many opportunistic infections
CNS Viruses with a Human Reservoir - ANSWERinclude:
- mumps
- enteroviruses
- HSV1
-HSV 1 or 2
- vaccinations
CNS Viruses with a Human Reservoir - ANSWERUsually an extension of a primary
infection in another part of the body
CNS Viruses with an Animal Reservoir - ANSWER- arbovirus
- rabies virus
*RARE: Humans are accidental or dead-end hosts*
Components of viruses - ANSWER- nucleic acid-> infectious genetic material
- protein coat-> protective layer
- surface Antigens-> protein or carb; highly variable
Control of nosocomial infections - ANSWERChain of infection (source to host) must be
prevented or avoided
Control of nosocomial infections - ANSWERmost efficient step of this is the identification
and detection of the source of infection
Controversiality of adjuvant vaccines - ANSWER• little data on _____ in children,
pregnant women • new ______ had not been used in other vaccines
Coxsackieviruses - ANSWER• Groups A and B; seasonal variation
• Diagnosis by stool sample and paired sera (same as polio)
• NO VACCINE
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) - ANSWERHerpes family, infection usually asymptomatic and
latent BUT dangerous for
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) AIDS & other immunocompromised - ANSWERfrequent
infection, GI tract ulceration and retinitis
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) diagnosis - ANSWER- CMV antigen detection, DNA
hybridization and PCR in leucocytes much faster
- Serology screening for donors & recipients before transplant
,Cytomegalovirus (CMV) diagnosis - ANSWER- Isolation of virus from urine, blood,
organ biopsies (slow process, but accurate)
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in pregnant women - ANSWERneonatal infection with jaundice,
enlarged liver and spleen, mental retardation and motor disorders
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) prevention (immunocompromised) - ANSWER- Match CMV
immune status between donor and recipient in transplants
- Preventative administration of antivirals
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) prevention (immunocompromised) - ANSWER- Universal
precautions to prevent transmission
- NO VACCINE
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) transplant patients - ANSWERdisseminated infection can
cause transplant rejection
Decreasing order of infecting resistance - ANSWER- Spores/cysts
- Mycobacteria
- Fungi
- Vegetative bacteria
- Enveloped viruses
Disease severity - ANSWERCertain groups have risk of complications
- Preg. women, asthma, diabetes, immune suppression, heart disease, kidney disease
- Same as for seasonal flu
Disease severity - ANSWERGreater burden in <25 yrs than in >65 yrs
- Unusual for seasonal flu
Echoviruses - ANSWER• asepticmeningitis
• same diagnosis as coxsackie and polioviruses
• NO VACCINE
Echoviruses - ANSWER• Several types
• Enteric Cytopathogenic Human Orphan viruses
• Minor respiratory illness
Effectivity of disinfectants - ANSWERdepends on:
- what is the temp. that I should use product at?
- load? Organic? Inorganic?
- miscellaneous factors
Effectivity of disinfectants - ANSWERdepends on:
, -concentration of germicide?
- what is the target?
- what is the contact time?
Enteric viruses - ANSWER• Multiply in GI tract, but RARELY cause gastro- enteritis
• Infection via respiratory or GI tract
Enteric viruses - ANSWER• Spread to other target organs in body
• 95% inapparent infection, 4-5% minor illness, 1% serious illness
Enteroviruses - ANSWERaseptic meningitis in infants and children
Group A coxsackieviruses - ANSWER- aseptic meningitis
- herpangina and hand- foot-and- mouth disease
Group B coxsackieviruses - ANSWER- minor respiratory illness
- aseptic meningitis
- pleurodynia, pericarditis and myocarditis
H1N1 - ANSWER2009 _______ segments
- 3 from classical swine
- 2 from Asian swine
- 2 from avian
- 1 from human
Hand rubs - ANSWER- removes transient flora only
- usually contains 60-70% ethanol...plus emollient(s)
Hepatitis - ANSWER*Other viruses and bacteria can cause
hepatitis as a complication of infection*
Hepatitis - ANSWERA, B most common and well characterized
- Hep C, E, G less common
Hepatitis - ANSWERInflammation of the liver
- Malaise, fatigue, nausea, loss of appetite and jaundice
Hepatitis A - ANSWER• Mainly children and young adults
• Sporadic cases and small epidemics
Hepatitis A diagnosis - ANSWER- Suspected clinical cases: detection of IgM
- Immunity: detection of IgG (before travel)
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