Photovoltaic (PV) systems Final Exam And All Correct Answers.
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Course
Solar PV Engineering and Installation
Institution
Solar PV Engineering And Installation
Major components of PV system - Answer 1. PV module (array)
2. Charge controller
3. Battery bank
4. Overcurrent protection
PV module (array) - Answer Consists of individual PV panels, connected to gether to produce desired V, I & P. 10W to 100s kW
Battery bank - Answer Used to sto...
Photovoltaic (PV) systems Final Exam
And All Correct Answers.
Major components of PV system - Answer 1. PV module (array)
2. Charge controller
3. Battery bank
4. Overcurrent protection
PV module (array) - Answer Consists of individual PV panels, connected to gether to produce desired V,
I & P. 10W to 100s kW
Battery bank - Answer Used to store energy produced by PV arrays. Excess energy stored, then
recovered at high demand or at time of now or low sunlight. Lead acid bat. are most common
Charge controller - Answer 1. A device that regulates battery charge by controlling the charging voltage
and/or current from a DC power source, such as a PV array.
2. Prevents battery bank from overcharge and over-discharge.
3. Have max input V & I rating set by manufacturer. PV arrays must not be able to produce V or I that
would exceed those ratings
4. Use algorithms to charge more efficiently
5. Temperature compensation (adjust charge V to help fully charge battery bank in cold and prevent
overcharge in warm weather)
Advanced charge controllers use multistage algorithms to store energy more efficiently: - Answer 1.
Bulk charging (when battery is below 90% state-of-charge. All PV array I delivered to the battery bank
causing fast charging until regulation voltage is reached)
2. Absorption charging
3. Float charging
4. Equalization charging (short time perioding overcharging to help restore consistency among battery
cells)
Inverter surge capacity - Answer max output that inverter can sustain for a short time (can be 2x-3x
continuous I rating )
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) - Answer electronic system allowing PV system to harvest max
energy from PV rays and deliver it to battery bank or other el. loads.
Configurations of PV systems - Answer 1. Stand-alone PV systems
2. Grid connected PV systems
3. Multimode (=combo of the above)
Stand-alone PV systems - Answer 1. Stand-alone DC PV systems (DC directly to loads from PV; may use
DC-DC converter or MPPT)
2. Stand-alone AC PV systems (DC from batteries to inverter; allows to use existing AC wiring & devices;
for household use)
3. Stand-alone Hybrid PV systems (use other el power sources wind turbine, micro-hydro gen, diesel
gen.)
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