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NU 412 Test 4 Questions And 100% Correct Answers
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NU 412 Test 4 Questions And 100% Correct Answerswhat are the diagnostic labs you have to have to be diagnosed with diabetes mellitus?
-ANSWER A1C >6.5, Fasting glucose > 126, Oral glucose tolerance test >200
what are S&S of hypoglycemia? -ANSWER shaking, tachycardia, sweating, dizzy,
anxious, hungry, blurry vision, weakness, headache, irritability
what are S&S of hyperglycemia? -ANSWER extreme thirst, blurry vision, drowsy, dry
skin, need to urinate often, slow healing wounds, hungry
how do you dx DKA? -ANSWER BG >250, metabolic acidosis, positive serum ketones,
anion gap >20
what are S&S of DKA? -ANSWER polyuria, N/V, anorexia, met acidosis, ketonuria,
Kussmals respirations, acetone/fruity breath, altered mental status, tachycardia
how do you tx DKA? -ANSWER strict I&O, regular IV insulin, D5W or D5NS or 1/2 NS,
monitor and replace K as needed, monitor EKG
what are S&S of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS)? -ANSWER BG >600, serum
osmolality >310, no acidosis, anion gap normal, profound dehydration, tachycardia,
hypotension, increased BUN, no ketosis, altered mental status, anorexia, polydipsia,
N/V
how do you tx HHS? -ANSWER fluid replacement!, insulin and electrolyte replacement
as ordered
what is the earliest clinical evidence of renal failure/nephropathy in diabetic patients?
-ANSWER microalbuminuria
, Biguanides (metformin)-what are they? ANSWER decreases liver glucose production
and improves insulin action on peripheral tissue/increases insulin sensistivity; 1st line
drug for diabetes, does NOT cause hypoglycemia, do not give with contrast dye,
contraindicated in renal failure
Glitazones/TZDs (pioglitazone, rosiglitazone)-what are they? ANSWER increase
peripheral insulin sensitivity, does NOT cause hypoglycemia, risk for MI, monitor LFTs,
BBW for causing CHF; treats diabetes
What are sulfonylureas (glipizide, glimepride)? - ANSWER stimulates insulin secretion in
patients who have some beta cell function; cause hypoglycemia* and weight gain;
caution in liver failure, elderly, and CVD
What are GLP-1 receptor agonists (liraglutide, dulaglutide, semaglutide, tirzepatide)? -
ANSWER treat diabetes, delay gastric emptying, improve postprandial hyperglycemia
by stimulating insulin production; cause weight loss, no hypoglycemia, BBW for thyroid
cancer*
DPP-4 inhibitors: sitagliptin, linagliptin Meglitinides Prolong incretin effect; stimulate the
production of insulin Treats diabetes Do not give with liver failure
SGLT2 inhibitors: canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and empagliflozin Lower BG through
urinary excretion of glucose Cause weight loss No hypoglycemia Causes UTI and genital
infections Contraindicated in renal failure and DM1, BBW for amputations
hypothyroidism-what is it? -ANS low T3 and T4, high TSH; decreased metabolism; can
progress to a myxedema coma (rare and life-threatening); treat with lifelong synthetic
T4 (levothyroxine); low fat low cholesterol low calorie diet, rest
myxedema coma-what is it? -ANS rare life-threatening condition due to uncontrolled
hypothyroidism; S&S of hypothermia, decreased LOC, severely decreased metabolism,
respiratory depression, cardiovascular collapse; treat with IV levothyroxine
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