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BBH 440 Exam #4 Questions And Verified Detailed Answers
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BBH 440 Exam #4 Questions And VerifiedDetailed Answers
One researcher conducts a survey used to find the prevalence of HPV within the United
States. Based solely on that information, this would be what kind of research? -
ANSWER Descriptive
A researcher publishes a case series describing 18 cases of a previously unrecognized
disease. Based on information in the case series, the author concludes that the disease
is caused by excessive sun exposure. Without any consideration of the possible details
of the case series, can the researcher draw this conclusion? - ANSWER No
One of the seminal findings of the Doll and Hill Physician's Study was that as the quantity
of cigarettes smoked rose, so did the lung cancer mortality. Which of Bradford Hill's
criteria of causality does this represent? - ANSWER Dose Response
A study wishes to explore the relationship between bouts of anger and heart attacks.
They find people who have had a myocardial infarction and ask them if they had had an
episode of anger in the 2 hr before the myocardial infarction. They then ask them if they
had had an episode of anger during some other 2 hr period from the week before the
myocardial infarction. What kind of study is this? - ANSWER case-crossover study
A research team wants to study the relationship between unemployment and drug use.
They acquire the numbers of unemployment from state governments for 6 states, then
they get the numbers related to the number of drug arrests in those same 6 states. They
find that there is a positive correlation between unemployment and drug arrests. They
conclude that being unemployed increases the chances one might use or be arrested
for drug use. Is the reasoning they have employed valid? - ANSWER No
Following the statistical analysis of part of a study's data, a researcher finds that the
number of grey hair is positively correlated with the chances of having cardiovascular
disease. The researcher then jumps to the conclusion that grey hair causes
cardiovascular disease. What is likely to be a better explanation here? - ANSWER There
,is a common causal variable
A researcher investigates the relationship between alcohol consumption and the
development of type 2 diabetes. From a population of 500, she selects one group of
subjects who have type 2 diabetes and another group who do not. She then collects
data on the subjects' alcohol consumption. What type of study is this? - ANSWER
Case-control
Researchers are investigating the possible link between physical activity and obesity in
adolescents. They initiate a questionnaire to college students about how many minutes
of moderate to vigorous physical activity they receive within one normal week and
self-report their height and weight to calculate their BMI. What is the type of bias more
likely to impact their results? - ANSWER Non-response bias; OR recall bias
Which of the following is true about surveillance studies? - ANSWER Sentinel
surveillance can alert officials of a problem in a healthcare system
Descriptive studies can only be observational studies. - ANSWER True
Which of the following would be the best study to use if you wanted to be able to
confidently say one variable causes another variable to change? - ANSWER prospective
cohort study
Which is NOT a one of the reasons to do a triple-blind study? ANSWER Decreases the
bias in participant selection
A researcher wants to test the effectiveness of billboards in increasing HPV vaccination
rates. She chooses two cities and gets statistics on HPV vaccine rates for a 3 month
period. Then she puts pro-HPV vaccine billboards up in one city (but not the other) for 3
months. Finally, she compares statistics on HPV vaccine rates again after the
intervention. This is what type of study? - ANSWER community trial
To evaluate the impact of a workout on memory, individuals were asked to do yoga on
one day in advance of a memory test and then jogged on another day in advance of a
, similar memory test. Each participant's memory score is paired, having done yoga with
their memory score after jogging. This is what type of design? - ANSWER
within-subjects
A research group is interested in studying the relationship between pesticide exposure
and neurological disorders. They identify a group of people who have had high levels of
pesticide exposure and another who had no pesticide exposure. They then follow-up
with them every year for 25 years to see how many in each group develop neurological
disorders. What type of study is this? - ANSWER Prospective cohort study
A random selection of respondents is assigned to either treatment or control depending
on whether the last digits of their zip code fall between a 0-4 or 5-9. Based on this
information does this constitute a truly random method of assignment? ANSWER No
Cohort studies are less susceptible to selection bias compared to case-control studies.
For the researcher considering a casecontrol study design, what might this suggest? -
ANSWER Participation may vary between cases and controls
The Women's Health Initiative Clinical Trial was prematurely terminated as a result of: -
ANSWER Early results that HRT seemed to increase the risk for breast cancer
In this stage of clinical trial process, a drug is assessed on healthy subjects for safety
and side effects. - ANSWER Phase 1
In 2018, the research team wished to examine the relationship between an
environmental chemical exposure and birth defects. They identify one cohort who were
exposed to contaminated drinking water in an incident in 1985 and a cohort who were
never exposed. Then they examine medical records to see if exposed individuals had a
greater risk of developing reproductive disorders in the subsequent 30 years after their
exposure. What type of study is this? - ANSWER Retrospective cohort study
descriptive epidemiological studies - ANSWER -can only be observational
-researcher is NOT testing a hypothesis
-researcher is reporting health data by person, place, and time
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