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Criminal Justice Exam 1 with verified answers
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Criminal Justice Exam 1 with verified answers
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Criminal Justice Exam 1Three Strikes Law - correct answer ✔✔first proposed by California because of Klaus case
if violent offenders repeat 3 offenses, the charge could be upped to 25+ years in prison.
"Created an unfair justice system” *third offense could result in life sentences for any number of low-
level felony offenses shoplifting, bad checks, etc. "unfairly punitive" - would also cause undue costs to tax
payers
Consensus model of justice - correct answer ✔✔assumes that most citizens in society share similar
values and beliefs. based on the premise that laws are developed due to a group of people having similar
experiences
**acknowledges that perspectives and values can change over time
Conflict theory of justice - correct answer ✔✔based on the assumption that there will always be
competing interests and viewpoints among members of society. beliefs can differ greatly, so consensus is
NOT possible. laws influenced by powerful groups
Due Process Model - correct answer ✔✔likened to an obstacle course by some - fairness is its primary
goal. defendants should be presumed innocent and the court's first priority is protecting the
constitutional rights of the accused, and law enforcement officials must be held in check to preserve
freedom and civil liberties
Crime control model - correct answer ✔✔highly traditional - assembly line. primary goal of this model is
to deter criminal conduct and thus protect society. accused is presumed guilty, police & prosecutors
should have extension freedom in discretion.
law enforcement - correct answer ✔✔police and prosecutors
prosecution - correct answer ✔✔bring of charges against an individual, based on probable cause, so as
to bring the matter before a court
, pretrial services - correct answer ✔✔police present info concerning case & accused (official
offense/arrest report) they will decide at discretion if formal charges will be filed. no charge, released.
-initial appearance - judge informs accused of crimes, and in small cases, decides penalty in forms of
fines/community serviceA
Adjucation - correct answer ✔✔middle of the process. allows defendants to respond to charges against
them and requires the gov. to prove its case. at the arraignment, the accused is informed of the charges,
advised of the rights of criminal defendants, and asked to enter a plea to the charges. generally, it is
guilty, not guilty, or no contest
Sentencing and Sanctions - correct answer ✔✔After a conviction, a sentence is imposed. Generally, a
judge determines a sentence
choices as follows: death penalty (1st-degree murder cases in certain states)
incarceration in prison (year plus) a jail (less than a year)
probation - allowing the convicted person to remain at liberty but subject to certain conditions and
restrictions such as drug testing/drug treatment
fine
restitution
intermediate sanction - an alternative that is used instead of incarceration.
*sanction - a penalty or punishment
Aggravating circumstances vs. mitigating circumstances - correct answer ✔✔elements of a crime that
enhance its seriousness like torture, killing police etc
vs.
elements that lessen severity of the sentence, abuse, etc.,
acquittal vs. conviction - correct answer ✔✔acquittal - verdict of not guilty of offenses charged
conviction - guilty verdict found
Appellate Review - correct answer ✔✔Following trial and sentencing, defendant may appeal their
conviction or sentence by requesting a higher court review the arrest and trial
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