connective tissue, nerve fibers and small capillaries
Where is the principle point of resistance? - Answers arterioles
Briefly describe the difference between arterioles, medium sized arteries, and large arteries - Answers
arterioles - main point of resistance
medium sized arteries are mainly smooth muscle some elastic fibers
large arteries (aorta, major branches) are mainly elastic fibers less smooth muscle
_________ allows aorta to be distensible (expand from internal pressure) - Answers elasticity
Name a major difference between arteries and veins - Answers veins have valves to prevent back flow
( valves are folds of tunica intima)
Hematocrit - Answers concentration of RBC's
Property that resists fluid to flow - Answers viscosity
What forms an anastomoses between the anterior cerebral arteries? - Answers anterior communicating
artery
Resistance of internal carotid artery - Answers low resistance
Resistance of external carotid artery - Answers high resistance
Resistance of vertebral arteries - Answers low resistance
,Resistance of CCA - Answers middle - not as low as ICA but not as high as ECA
Compliance - Answers change of volume over the change of pressure. If something was not compliant a
small amount of blood will create a big pressure change.
When does inertia occur? - Answers when blood is forced to change direction or velocity
Pulsatility - Answers difference between systole and diastole
What kind of pulsatility would a low resistance bed have? - Answers low Pulsatility because there is
forward flow all the time.
Factors that increase or reduce resistance to blood flow (3) - Answers radius of a tube
length of tube
viscosity.
Describe parabolic flow - Answers wider range of velocities, flow through center has the highest velocity
Plug/blunt flow - Answers flattened velocity profile, cells travel at same velocity
Why dont we measure at a torturous part of a vessel or around a curve? - Answers Blood moves faster
around the edges of the curve.
When might you see a plug/blunt flow? What will the spectral window look like? - Answers at the
entrance to a vessel because the rbcs align and enter at the same velocity.
Spectral window will be black because the velocities are the same.
75 % of blood flow goes to _____
25 % of blood flow goes to _____ - Answers ICA
ECA
The RCC branches off the ______ the LCC branches of the _____ - Answers RCC - rt braciocephalic aka
innominate
LCC - aortic arch
What is always medial to the common carotid artery? - Answers thyroid tissue
Describe the position of ECA, ICA - Answers ECA - anteromedial
ICA - posterolateral
Stroke - Answers sudden loss of brain function caused by interruption of flow to the brain or rupture of
vessels in the brain
, TIA - Answers temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain caused by a blood clot.
Bruit - Answers abnormal sound generated by turbulent flow in an artery
CCA bifurcates into ______ - Answers internal carotid artery
external carotid artery
Internal carotid artery divides to form ____ and ___ - Answers middle cerebral artery
anterior cerebral artery
Posterior communicating artery - Answers connects the ICA to the posterior cerebral artery. (connects
anterior and posterior systems)
Basilar artery terminates by splitting into the ____ - Answers posterior cerebral arteries
What forms the basilar artery? - Answers two vertebral arteries
What are the two main blood supplies to the brain? - Answers ICA
Verterbral Basilar artery
What arteries form the circle of willis? - Answers Anterior cerebral arteries
Middle cerebral arteries
ICA
Posterior communicating artery
Right braciocephalic aka ___ - Answers innominate
Internal carotid artery sits ____ to external - Answers lateral
What is the first branch of the ECA - Answers superior thyroid artery
Anterior/middle supply of the brain- ICA
What are the associated perfusions? - Answers Anterior cerebral artery - frontal lobe
Posterior cerebral artery branches of ___ - Answers basilar artery
Define vertigo
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