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Essentials of Criminal Justice Exam 1 Review updated already passed
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Essentials of Criminal Justice Exam 1Review
3 Components of the Criminal Justice System - correct answer ✔✔1) Law Enforcement- Agencies that
investigate crimes and comprehend Suspects.
2) Court/Judiciary- Agencies that conduct trials and sentence offenders
3) Corrections- Agencies that monitor and rehabilitate offenders
What is the Criminal Justice System a form of? - correct answer ✔✔Social Control
How does the media influence the Criminal Justice System? - correct answer ✔✔Causes people to form
false impressions of and unrealized expectations about the criminal justice system.
What did the Wickersham Commission do? - correct answer ✔✔Analyzed the Criminal Justice System
(1929)
How many stages are there in the formal Criminal Justice System? - correct answer ✔✔15
What are they? - correct answer ✔✔1) Initial contact - In most cases, this involves a police officer
observing a crime or being dispatched to a crime scene.
2) Investigation - Involves the collection of evidence, including witness statements, that produce the
probable cause necessary to arrest a person suspected of committing the crime
3) Arrest - A legal condition wherein an individual's freedom is restricted by the police. All arrests must
be based on probable cause.
,4) Custody - Following arrest, suspects are detained. In some cases the investigation process continues.
5) Charging - A formal process wherein the police present the evidence to a prosecutor and, usually by
mutual agreement, a decision is made on the most appropriate offense based on the available evidence.
◦May result in nolle prosequi(naliprasikwai)
6) Preliminary hearing/grand jury - Depending on the jurisdiction, during this step the evidence is
reviewed objectively. The initial charge may be accepted as is, modified or nullified ◦May involve a true
bill of indictment, information, probable cause hearing
7) Arraignment - A formal process wherein the suspect is informed of the charges and asked to enter a
plea (guilty, not guilty or nolo contender
8) Bail/detention - A formal process wherein the decision is made on whether to release suspect from
custody pending trial. Bail is a payment to the court (in cash or tangible property) that insures the
suspect will return for adjudication*
.
9) Formal judgment • Plea bargaining - A formal process wherein the prosecutor and defense attorney
bargain for a change in the defendant's plea. The defense attorney wants the least punitive outcome and
the prosecutor wants to avoid a trial and insure the most punitive outcome. The strength of the evidence
against the defendant often determines the outcome of this process.
10) Trial/a
What is the CJ Wedding Cake? - correct answer ✔✔A four tiered "Cake" of the different tiers of offenses
an individual can commit.
What are the 4 tiers? - correct answer ✔✔Level 4) (largest) Misdemeanors
- There are millions of misdemeanors
-Disorderly conduct
- Minor assault
-Shoplifting
-Public drunkenness
, Level 3) Less Serious Felonies
-Young, often first time offenses
-Dismissals
-Pleas
-Reduction in Charges
-Probations
Level 2) Serious Felonies
-Rapes
-Robberies
-Burglaries
-Most practitioners agree that these cases deserve the full attention of the Criminal Justice System
Factors:
-Experienced Repeat Offenders
-The amount of money stolen in a burglary or larceny (personal property)
-Violent acts committed by a stronger (with weapon)
- Robberies involve loss of big money and a weapon
- Offenders often receive full jury trials, if convicted receive lengthy prison sentences
Level 1) (smallest) Celebrated Cases
- IE (OJ Simpson, Lindsay Lohan, Aaron Hernandez)
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