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MRCS B ANATOMY QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE.
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MRCS B ANATOMY QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE.
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MRCS B ANATOMY QUESTIONS WITHCOMPLETE ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
What nnare nnthe nnfour nnparts nnof nnthe nnstomach? nn- nnAnswer nncardia, nnfundus,
nnbody, nnpylorus
How nncould nnyou nntell nnthe nndifference nnbetween nnthe nnjejunum nnand nnthe nnileum?
nn- nnAnswer nnThe nnjejunum nnis nnlarger, nnthicker, nnmore nnvascular nnand nna nndarker
nnred nnthan nnthe nnileum. nn
It nnhas nnlonger nnvasa nnrecta nnand nnfewer nnarcades.
How nncan nnyou nntell nnthe nndifference nnbetween nnlarge nnand nnsmall nnbowel nnon nnan
nnabdominal nnradiograph? nn- nnAnswer nnLarge nnbowel nnhas nnhaustrae, nnwhich
nnextend nnonly nna nnthird nnof nnthe nnway nnacross nnthe nnbowel nnfrom nneach nnside,
nnwhereas nnsmall nnbowel nnhas nnvalvulae nnconniventes nnwhich nntraverse nnthe
nncomplete nndistance.
Occasionally, nnlocation nncan nnhelp, nnwith nnsmall nnbowel nntending nnto nnbe nnmore
nncentral nn(beware nna nndrooping nntransverse nncolon!).
During nnan nnoperative nnprocedure, nnthe nncolon nncan nnbe nnfurther nndistinguished
nnfrom nnsmall nnbowel nnby nnthe nnpresence nnof nnthe nnappendices nnepiploicae nnand
nntaenia nncoli.
What nnare nnthe nnfunctions nnof nnthe nnpancreas? nn- nnAnswer nnThe nnpancreas nnhas
nnboth nnexocrine nnand nnendocrine nnfunctions.
The nnpancreatic nnacini nnperform nnthe nnexocrine nnfunctions, nnproducing nnand
nnsecreting nndigestive nnenzymes.
The nnIslets nnof nnLangerhans nnperform nnthe nnendocrine nnfunction:
Alpha nncells nn- nnproduce nnand nnsecrete nnglucagon nn
Beta nncells nn- nnproduce nnand nnsecrete nninsulin
Delta nncells nn- nnproduce nnand nnsecrete nnsomatostatin
Gamma nncells nn- nnproduce nnpancreatic nnpolypeptide
Describe nnthe nnblood nnsupply nnto nnthe nnpancreas nn- nnAnswer nnThe nnpancreas nnhas
nnthree nnmain nnsources nnof nnblood nnsupply:
,The nnsuperior nnpancreaticoduodenal nn(from nnthe nngastroduodenal) nnand nninferior
nnpancreaticoduodenal nn(from nnthe nnsuperior nnmesenteric) nnarteries nnsupply nnthe
nnhead nnof nnthe nnpancreas. nn
Pancreatic nnbranches nnfrom nnthe nnsplenic nnartery nnsupply nnthe nnremainder nnof nnthe
nnpancreas.
Venous nndrainage nnfollows nnarterial nnsupply, nnto nnthe nnsuperior nnmesenteric nnand
nnportal nnveins, nnand nnthe nnsplenic nnvein nnrespectively.
What nnis nnMeckel's nndiverticulum? nn- nnAnswer nnMeckel's nndiverticulum nnis nnthe
nnremnant nnof nnthe nnembryological nnvitellointestinal nnduct nn(which nnconnects nnthe
nnmidgut nnto nnthe nnyolk nnsac).
Commonly nnit nnobeys nnthe nn'Rule nnof nn2s': nnoccurs nnin nn2% nnof nnthe nnpopulation;
nnis nn2 nninches nnlong; nnoccurs nn2 nnfeet nnfrom nnthe nnileocaecal nnvalve nnand nnis
nntwice nnas nncommon nnin nnmales nnas nnin nnfemales. nnIt nnshould nnbe nnlooked nnfor
nnduring nnall nnappendicectomies nnwhen nna nnnormal nnappendix nnis nnfound.
It nnis nnimportant nnas nna nnMeckel's nncan nncause nna nnnumber nnof nncomplications:
Acute nninflammation nn- nncan nnoften nnmimic nnappendicitis, nnand nnshould nnalways nnbe
nnlooked nnfor nnat nnlaparoscopy nnwhen nna nnnormal nnappendix nnis nnfound. nn
Ulceration nnand nnbleeding nn- nnoften nnthe nndiverticulum nnis nnlined nnwith nnhydrochloric
nnacid nnproducing nngastric nnmucosa nn
Perforation nn
Intussusception nn
Obstruction nn
Littre's nnHernia nn- nnwhen nnfound nnin nnan nninguinal nnor nnfemoral nnhernia nnsac
What nnare nnthe nnrelations nnof nnthe nnkidney? nn- nnAnswer nnThe nnimmediate nnrelations
nnto nnthe nnkidney nnare:
Above nn- nnthe nndiaphragm
Below nn- nnquadratus nnlumborum
Medially nn- nnpsoas nnmajor
Laterally nn- nntransversus nnabdominis
antero-superiorly nn- nnadrenal nnglands nn
Each nnkidney nnhas nnnumerous nnanterior nnrelations nnas nnseen nnhere:
Which nnfascia nnsurrounds nnthe nnkidneys? nn- nnAnswer nnGerota's nnfascia
, What nnare nnthe nnsurface nnmarkings nnof nnthe nnliver? nn- nnAnswer nnThe nnliver nncan
nnbe nnvisualized nnas nna nntriangle. nnThe nnsuperior nnborder nnof nnthe nnliver nnis nna nnline
nnthat nnruns nnfrom nnthe nnfifth nnintercostal nnspace nnmidclavicular nnline nnon nnthe nnleft
nnto nnthe nnfourth nnintercostal nnspace nnmidclavicular nnline nnon nnthe nnright. nnIts nnlowest
nnedge nnis nnfound nnaround nnthe nn10th nnright nncostal nncartilage nnin nnthe nnmid
nnaxillary nnline
What nnis nnthe nnblood nnsupply nnto nnthe nnliver? nn- nnAnswer nnThe nnliver nnreceives nna
nndual nnblood nnsupply: nn75% nnfrom nnthe nnhepatic nnportal nnvein nncarrying nnblood
nnfrom nnthe nngastrointestinal nntract nnto nnthe nnliver nnand nn25% nnfrom nnthe nnhepatic
nnartery, nnwhich nnis nna nnbranch nnof nnthe nncoeliac nnaxis nnof nnthe nnaorta.
What nnis nnthe nnfunction nnof nnthe nngallbladder? nn- nnAnswer nnStoring nnbile nn
Concentrating nnbile nn
Addition nnof nnmucus nnto nnbile nnsecreted nnby nnthe nnliver
The nngallbladder nnis nnlined nnwith nnsimple nncolumnar nnepithelium nnand nncan nncontain
nn50ml nnof nnbile. nnContraction nnis nnstimulated nnby nnCholecystokinin nn(CCK) nnwhich
nnis nna nnhormone nnsecreted nnby nnthe nnduodenum nnin nnresponse nnto nnthe nnentry nnof
nnfatty nnacids nnand nnchyme.
Describe nnthe nnstructures nnthat nnmake nnup nnthe nnbiliary nntree nn- nnAnswer nnThe
nnintralobular nnbile nnducts nnjoin nnto nnform nnintrahepatic nnbile nnducts, nnwhich nnjoin nnto
nnform nnthe nnleft nnand nnright nnhepatic nnducts. nnThese nnmerge nnto nnform nnthe
nncommon nnhepatic nnduct, nnwhich nnexits nnthe nnliver nnand nnjoins nnthe nncystic nnduct
nnfrom nnthe nngall nnbladder nnto nnform nnthe nncommon nnbile nnduct. nnThis nnjoins nnthe
nnpancreatic nnduct nnand nntogether nnthey nnenter nnthe nnduodenum nnat nnthe nnampulla
nnof nnVater.
What nnis nnCalot's nnTriangle? nn- nnAnswer nnCalot's nnTriangle nnis nna nntriangle nnformed
nnby:
Superiorly nn- nnliver nnedge nn
Medially nn- nncommon nnhepatic nnduct nn
Laterally nn- nncystic nnduct
It nncontains nnthe nncystic nnartery nnand nnlymph nnnode nnof nnLund.
Clinically, nnCalot's nntriangle nnis nnimportant nnduring nnlaparoscopic nncholecystectomy
nnfor nnidentification nnand nnligation nnof nnthe nncystic nnartery nnbefore nnremoval nnof nnthe
nngallbladder.
What nnis nnCourvoisier's nnLaw? nn- nnAnswer nnCourvoisier's nnLaw nnstates nnthat nnwhen
nnthere nnis nnobstructive nnjaundice nnand nna nnpalpable nngallbladder, nngallstones nnare
nnnot nnthe nncause.
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