Anatomy Lecture Homework 3, Anatomy Lecture
Quiz 3, Anatomy Exam 3 Study Guide questions and
answers 2024/2025best exam for nursing
The medial and inferior portions of the external abdominal oblique muscle has a
sheet-like tendon called an aponeurosis that allows it to be anchored to other
structures. Medially, the aponeuroses of the left and right-side external abdominal
oblique meets in the middle to form the linea alba; thus, the muscles anchors to its
opposite counterpart. However, the inferior portions form a cord-like structure called
the inguinal ligament. We see something similar with the internal abdominal
oblique. Which of the following structures are formed from the inferior portion of the
internal abdominal oblique?
A. Inguinal canal
B. Cremaster muscle (only in the male)
C. Rectus sheath
D. Pyramidalis - CORRECT ANSWERS B. Cremaster muscle (only in the male)
The Alimentary canal, like all tubes in the body (blood vessels, ureters connected to
the kidney, fallopian tube, etc.) have walls made up of four layers/tunics, or some
variation of them. Match the layer with its unique characteristic.
Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis Externa, Serosa/Adventitia
A. Always lined with epithelial cells; has a layer of connective tissue containing
capillaries and a thin layer of smooth muscle
B. Connective tissue containing blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerve fibers
C. 2 layers of smooth muscle: the circular layer squeezes the tube and the
longitudinal layer shorts it.
D. Connective tissue that binds the structure to surrounding structures - CORRECT
ANSWERS Mucosa- Always lined with epithelial cells; has a layer of
connective tissue containing capillaries and a thin layer of smooth muscle
Submucosa- Connective tissue containing blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerve
fibers
Muscularis Externa- 2 layers of smooth muscle: the circular layer squeezes the tube
and the longitudinal layer shorts it.
,Anatomy Lecture Homework 3, Anatomy Lecture
Quiz 3, Anatomy Exam 3 Study Guide questions and
answers 2024/2025best exam for nursing
Serosa/Adventitia- Connective tissue that binds the structure to surrounding
structures
Did you know that we have a brain in out gut? The enteric nervous system is made
of over 100 million neurons that form two nerve plexuses. The myenteric plexus
regulates movement of smooth muscle and the submucosal plexus _____.
A. stimulates mucous secretions to help with lubrication within the lumen and
contraction of the muscularis mucosae.
B. helps the pancreas regulate blood glucose concentration.
C. Regulates the sphincters within the stomach to open and close.
D. stimulates gastric secretion in the stomach only. - CORRECT ANSWERS A.
stimulates mucous secretions to help with lubrication within the lumen and
contraction of the muscularis mucosae.
If we were to look at the microscopic anatomy of the gastric mucosa lining the
stomach, we would notice millions of tiny holes. The holes are actually gastric pits.
The opening of the pit is lined with epithelial cells that secret a thick basic mucous
that aids in the protection of the gastric mucosa (lining) found throughout the
stomach. If we were to look deeper into the pit, we would see that the pit actually
turns into the gastric gland. Within the gland, we see specialized epithelial cells.
Please match the gastric gland cells with their function.
Chief cells, Enteroendocrine cells, Undifferentiated stem cells, G cells, Parietal cells
A. Synthesize and secrete pepsinogen
B. Synthesize and secrete HCl and intrinsic factor
C. Hormone-secreting cells scattered throughout the lining epithelium and glands of
the alimentary canal
D. Located at the junction of the gastric pit and gland, they divide continuously to re
- CORRECT ANSWERS Chief cells- synthesize and secrete pepsinogen
Enteroendocrine cells- hormone-secreting cells scattered throughout the lining
epithelium and glands of the alimentary canal
, Anatomy Lecture Homework 3, Anatomy Lecture
Quiz 3, Anatomy Exam 3 Study Guide questions and
answers 2024/2025best exam for nursing
Undifferentiated stem cells- located at the junction of the gastric pit and gland, they
divide continuously to replace the gastric epithelium every 3-7 days
G cells- enteroendocrine cells located in the gastric glands of the pylorus that
synthesize and secret Gastrin
Parietal cells- synthesize and secrete HCl and intrinsic factor
It is estimated that 1 in every 10 people will have a gastric ulcer at some point in
their life. When ulcers occur, the key for treatment is "No Acid, No Ulcer." The next
series of questions will be regarding treatment of gastric ulcers. As such, which of
the following would be the appropriate first line of defense for gastric ulcer
treatment?
A. Drug therapy such as proton pump blockers
B. Diet that is less irritating to the stomach
C. Lifestyle change if the patient uses tobacco and alcoholc
D. All of the choices would be a great approach at treatment - CORRECT
ANSWERS D. All of the choices would be a great approach at treatment
The patient is not responding to your initial treatment, so a more aggressive plan is
needed. As a good Anatomy student, you know that gastric secretion is regulated by
mechanical and neural stimulation. What would you do next?
A. Vagotomy to inhibit the neural stimulation
B. Gastric bypass to prevent food from reaching the stomach
C. Vagotomy to inhibit peristaltic movement in the stomach
D. Liquid diet so that the mechanic stimulation would not be triggered - CORRECT
ANSWERS A. Vagotomy to inhibit the neural stimulation
A hemigastrectomy such as a pylorectomy may also be used in severe cases. Why
would we remove the pylorus for treatment?
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