0.04 sec Correct Answer How many seconds for each EKG
small box?
0.12-0.2 seconds Correct Answer normal PR interval
0.2 sec Correct Answer How many seconds for each EKG
large box?
0.34-0.43 seconds Correct Answer normal QT interval
1.5-2.5 Correct Answer normal magnesium level
135-145 Correct Answer normal sodium level
20-40 bpm Correct Answer His-purkinje fiber rate
22 - 26 Correct Answer normal HCO3 (bicarbonate)
3.5-5 Correct Answer normal potassium level
35 - 45 Correct Answer normal PaCO2
40-60 bpm Correct Answer AV node rate
60-100 bpm Correct Answer SA node rate
,7.35-7.45 Correct Answer Normal pH
760 mm Hg Correct Answer normal atmospheric pressure
8.5-10.2 Correct Answer normal calcium level
80-100 mm Hg Correct Answer normal PaO2
ACC/AHA stages of heart failure Correct Answer
categorization of heart failure based on demonstrated structural
changes to the heart, which can't be improved
ACE inhibitors (heart failure) Correct Answer medication
blocks conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, decrease
aldosterone
decrease afterload, increase cardiac output
first line therapy in chronic HF
lisinopril
Activity intolerance nursing care Correct Answer - provide O2
as needed
- practice deep breathing exercises
- teach energy saving techniques
- prevent interruptions at night
- monitor progression of activity
- offer 4-6 meals a day
Acute decompensated heart failure Correct Answer - often
associated with CAD/MI
- often presents as pulmonary edema
,- pale, anxious, dyspnea, possibly cyanotic
- crackles, wheezing, ronchi, pink frothy sputum
- increased HR, S3 heart sound
- BP high or low
Acute respiratory distress syndrome Correct Answer sudden
and progressive form of acute respiratory failure in which the
alveolar capillary membrane becomes damaged and more
permeable to intravascular fluid
Afib treatment Correct Answer - drug therapy to control
ventricular rate
- drug therapy for rhythm control
- thromboembolic prophylaxis
- synchronized cardioversion
- cardiac catheter ablation
Afib with RVR Correct Answer - atrial fibrillation with rapid
ventricular rate, heart rate greater than 100, usually 140s, 150s
Afterload Correct Answer the peripheral resistance that the left
venticle pumps against
Alveolar hypoventilation Correct Answer in hypoxemic
respiratory failure, generalized decrease in ventilation that
results in an increase in PaCO2 and decrease in PaO2 (restrictive
lung disease, CNS diseases, chest wall dysfunction, etc)
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs, heart failure) Correct
Answer medication for patients unable to tolerate ace inhibitors
, ARDS cardiac support therapy Correct Answer - continuous
hemodynamic monitoring
- continuous BP measurement (arterial catheter)
- PA catheter for PA pressure, PAWP, and CO
- administration of crystalloid fluids or colloid fluids
- lower PEEP if CO falls
- inotropic drugs
ARDS direct causes Correct Answer common
- aspiration
- viral/bacterial pneumonia
- sepsis**
less common
- chest trauma
- embolism
- toxic inhalation
- near drowning
- o2 toxicity
- radiation pneumonitis
ARDS early clinical manifestations Correct Answer - dyspnea,
tachypnea, cough, restlessness
- lung sounds normal or reveal fine, scattered crackles
- ABGs: mild hypoxemia and respiratory alkalosis caused by
hyperventilation
- CXR normal or minimal scattered interstitial infiltrates
- edema may not show until 30% increase in lung fluid
ARDS fibrotic phase Correct Answer 2-3 weeks after initial
insult; chronic/late phase; diffuse scarring and fibrosis
(decreased lung compliance); decrease surface area for gas
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