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NURS 221 Exam 3-Questions with Correct Answers/ Verified/ latest Version (2024/2025)
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NURS 221 Exam 3-Questions with Correct Answers/ Verified/ latest Version (2024/2025)
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NURS 221 Exam 3-Questions with Correct Answers/ Verified/ latestVersion (2024/2025)
protein - ✔✔Urea and creatinine are excreted by the kidneys. Urea is the end product of
____ metabolism.
muscles - ✔✔Urea and creatinine are excreted by the kidneys. Creatinine is a metabolic by
product that is produced by the ____.
10 - ✔✔The BUN (Blood-Urea-Nitrogen) to creatinine ration is typically ____ to 1.
0.6-1.2 - ✔✔When serum creatinine is high the GFR (glomerular filtration rate) is low. The
WNL range for SERUM creatinine is ___ (#.#-#.#) mg/dL.
7-18 - ✔✔When the BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) level rises, the GFR (Glomerular Filtration
Rate) is low. The WNL range for BUN is ____ (#-#) mg/dL.
3.5-5.0 - ✔✔The WNL range for potassium (K+) is ____ (#.#-#-#) mEq/L.
135-145 - ✔✔The WNL range for sodium (Na+) is ____ (#-#) mEq/L.
creatinine - ✔✔A proxy (another way) for determining the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is
known as ____ clearance. A 24-hour urine specimen is collected to determine this.
afferent - ✔✔The glomerulus is the first part of the nephron where the blood gets filtered.
Blood enters through the [ afferent / efferent ] arteriole to the proximal tubule and begins
the process of urine formation. The proximal and distal tubules are semi-selective
membranes. Blood and proteins are reabsorbed into the circulation.
urine - ✔✔The glomerulus is the first part of the nephron where the blood gets filtered.
Blood enters through the afferent arteriole to the proximal tubule and begins the process of
____ formation. The proximal and distal tubules are semi-selective membranes. Blood and
proteins are reabsorbed into the circulation.
, kidneys - ✔✔Urine formation * excretion of waste products * electrolyte, water and acid-
base balance * renal clearance * regulation of RBC prod'n via erythropoietin * synthesis of
active form of vitamin D * secretion of prostaglandins * All of these are key functions of the
____.
hypertension - ✔✔The nurse knows that diabetes and ____ are major risk factors for
chronic kidney disease.
reabsorption - ✔✔Urine is formed in the nephrons through a complex three-step process:
glomerular filtration, tubular ____, and tubular secretion. Approximately 180L/day of filtrate
results in 1-2 L of urine.
secretion - ✔✔Tubular ___ occurs when substances move from the peritubular capillary
(blood) into the tubular lumen (filtrate). It helps with the elimination of K+, H+, ammonia,
uric acid, some drugs and other waste products.
125 - ✔✔The WNL GFR is ___ (#) mL/min. This is measured by (urine) creatinine clearance.
decreases - ✔✔As renal function worsens, the level of creatinine clearance [ decreases /
increases ].
older adult - ✔✔* Decreased kidney size * 50% fewer nephrons * 50% decrease in renal
blood flow * kidney tubules less able to concentrate urine * risk for dehydration due to
decreased perception of thirst. These are all factors which affect the kidneys in the ____
(two words) population.
toxicity - ✔✔Due to many factors that result in decreased GFR in older adults, the nurse
knows that older adults are more susceptible to drug ____.
lengthen - ✔✔The nurse knows to [ lengthen / shorten ] intervals between doses and use
the "start low and go slow" method with elderly patients to avoid drug toxicity.
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