: Piaget: 0-2yrs
object permanence by 2y/o; requires the ability to form a mental
representation (i.e., a schema) of the object.
Respond to stimuli; new people;
Response patterns: hand to mouth
Searches for hidden objects
understands causes not visible
2.Pre-operational Stage:
Piaget: 2 to 7 years
punishment for bad deeds is unavoidable (immanent justice)
think about things symbolically: a word or an object - stand for
something other than itself.
Egocentric: you do it too; difficulty taking another
view point. Animistic: I'm afraid of the moon
Lack of hierarchy: where do the blocks
go Centration: I want it now!
Irreversibility: I don't know how to go
back there Tranducive reasoning: go the
way Daddy goes 5-6 get humor; do
,chores
6-7 good memory, solve problems
3.Concrete Operations Period:
Piaget: 7 to 11 years
can think logically but still learn best from direct experience.
thought is logical and reversible; the child understands classes,
relationships, and part-whole relationships dealing with concrete
things.
understanding of conservation and reversibility: conserve number (age
6), mass (age 7), and weight (age 9).
Understand hierarchies
4.Formal (abstract) Operational stage:
Piaget: 11 years to adulthood—develop- ment of logic and reasoning
and second-order thoughts: thinking about thoughts. the ability to think
about abstract concepts, and logically test hypotheses.
Problem-solving is systematized and organized manner, rather than
through tri- al-and-error
Avoid things based on supposition of neg consequences
5.Trust vs. Mistrust:
, Erickson: Infancy to 18 mo
If needs are dependably met, infants develop a sense of basic trust;
dependent on primary caregiver attachment
Hope
temporal perspective vs time
confusion mutual recognition vs
autistic isolation
psychopathology: psychosis, addiction, depression
, 6.Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt:
Erikson: 18 mo-3 yrs
learns to exercise will and to do things independently. Holding on and
letting go: speech, sphincter and muscle control
Will
Will to be oneself vs doubt
Self-certainty vs self-consciousness
psychopath: paranoia, obsessions, compulsions, impulsivity
7.Initiative vs. Guilt:
Erikson: 3-5 yrs
independence in planning, playing and other activities. beginnings of
super-ego, conscience in failure of the oedipal quest
Purpose
Anticipation of roles vs role
inhibition Role experimentation vs
role fixation
psychopath: conversion disorder, inhibition
8.Industry vs. Inferiority:
Erikson: 5 and 13 yrs
learns to be productive, work with others, division of labor, acquisition
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