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Bioethics Midterm Exam Correct Answers 2024/2025 Update
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Bioethics Midterm Exam Correct Answers 2024/2025 Update
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Bioethics Midterm Exam CorrectAnswers 2024/2025 Update
4 main principles that create obligations ANS✔✔ Non-malefience, beneficence, respect for autonomy,
justice
Hippocrates ANS✔✔ 5th century BC created main thing of to do no harm nonmaleficence
non-malefience ANS✔✔ the obligation to do no harm
beneficence ANS✔✔ the obligation to do good
respect for autonomy (self-rule) ANS✔✔ from Immanuel Kant, our capacity to say whats best for
ourselves, patient gets to make the decision (dr gives options); respect
paternalism ANS✔✔ the physician alone determines what is in the best interest of the patient
john stuart mill ANS✔✔ people should be as free as possible unless it infringes on other peoples rights
justice ANS✔✔ the obligation for fair methods of distributive (scarcity) for organs/technologies in a
population when resources are scarce, how to do decide who gets what and has a fair shot at getting it
carries into conflict with each other a lot ANS✔✔ which comes across more weight
, obligated ANS✔✔ ethically decisive reasons that are for it, actions that you have to do (giving care in the
ER must do, can't turn someone away in the ER)
prohibited ANS✔✔ ethically decisive reasons that are against something , actions that you cannot do
(euthanizing a patient)
permitted ANS✔✔ not having ethically decisive reasons against it, you can do it , but not something that
you have to do (praying with a patient, but really needing to do rounds)
bioethics is a species of ANS✔✔ practical normative ethics
descriptive ethics ANS✔✔ how people in fact behave, anthropology, describing it
normative ethics ANS✔✔ how people ought to act, telling people how to act, prescriptive, giving
reasons for how something ought to be
2 criteria that most ethical theories have in common ANS✔✔ objectivity and impartiality
objectivity ANS✔✔ doesn't require a particular perspective to agree, universally appeals to everyone,
don't have to know what peoples views are to convince them
impartiality ANS✔✔ everybody counts the same, not considering any particular group higher
2 main themes of bioethics ANS✔✔ consequentalism (utilitarianism) and deontology (duty-based, moral
obligation independent of consequences)
consequentalism (outcomes positive or negative) ANS✔✔ bases decisions on consequences how it turns
out, justified by the amount of good they bring about, non-maleficence and beneficence are concerned
with outcomes (justice balance outcomes), utilitarianism (biggest theory about consequences)
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