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Phonology Definition correct answers Studies the ways in which sounds (phonemes) are used to
create larger units of meaning.
Phonetics Definition correct answers Phonetics considers how individual speech sounds are
produced and perceived
Phonemes Definition correct answers Smallest unit of Speech Sounds in a language: English
consists of 44 unique phonemes, arising from 26 letters of the alphabet, used singly or in
combination
Phonetics VS. Phonology correct answers Phonetics is the physical representation of sound
(making a sound). Phonology is the mental representation (for example, how you would classify
that sound-syllable, constant, etc)
Phonological Rules correct answers The ways sounds change depending on where they occur
and how they are used.
Graphemes correct answers individual letters or groups of letters that depict how a sound is
written in a language. For example the sound /t/ (phoneme) can be written in two ways. single t"
like in tall or double "tt" like in better."
Diagraph correct answers Refers to any two ore more letter grapheme, such as tt" or "ch" (two
letters that make 1 sound) (These features make english more difficult for ELs)"
Onset correct answers "The sound (phoneme) that occurs at the beginning of the syllable. (only
consonants can be onsets in english) ex. C-at the onset is the c sound If the syllable begins with a
vowel then there is no onset. At has no onset since it syllable starts with vowel"
Rime correct answers "The vowel/consonants that follow the onset. Thus EVERY syllable has a
rime c-AT (the at is the rime)"
Phoneme Order Classification correct answers The first phonemes (sound) in a word is called the
beginning phoneme. The last phoneme is called the end phoneme. Any phonemes in the middle
are called medial phonemes.
When is Phoneme Order Classification mostly used? correct answers It's mostly used with
beginning readers. Breaking a word apart into its beginning, ending, and medial sound. They
may teach BET by pointing about the 3 parts of the sound.
Positive Transfer correct answers When a native language is similar to English. It can help
reinforce the learning process.
,What challenge will learners face since there are 44 phonemes but 26 letters. correct answers
This will complicate the learning process. There isn't a 1 to 1 correspondence. For example the
sound /k/ can be written in many different ways. Cat, Kite, and TaCK.
Diphthongs correct answers Combination of 2 or more vowels in a single syllable (which can
result in an unpredictable sound-proving to be difficult for ELs). For example the word chair
sounds like it should be spelled with /ur/ but it's not.
Consonant Clusters correct answers "When 2 or more consonants combine to form a single
sound. For example WR in wreck. (These features make english more difficult for ELs)"
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) correct answers "-No one alphabet has 1to1
correspondence between letters and sounds. -Created 1988. a standard system of symbols for all
the phonemes in human language."
Improving pronunciation skills correct answers "- audio recordings (repeat word after native
speaker and then replay recording) -Have students to reflect on how they could improve on their
pronunciation (after listening) -singing/choral reading -modeled speech with opportunities to
practice WITHOUT a focus on discourse/syntax"
prosodic features of language correct answers Differences in sound can affect meaning at a level
above that of individual phonemes (sounds), however, by operating on syllables, words,
sentences. (Pitch and Stress)
Pitch correct answers The frequency of the vibrations of the vocal cords. The lows and highs
Intonation correct answers used to distinguish a statement from a question
Stress correct answers "A difference in force applied to an element of speech, usually a syllable.
Sometimes changing the stress of a syllable may change the meaning. Example: con-VERT and
CON-vert."
Language Interference correct answers when features of a speakers native language affects his
ability to learn a 2nd language
Phonetic Interference correct answers "refers specifically to issues that arise when trying to learn
the sound system of a new language. When language learner attempts to speak the foreign
language using familiar sounds from their own native tongue."
How can you reduce phonetic interference correct answers Introduce a word in speech BEFORE
introducing it in writing. (Student will be less likely to pronounce with native language because
the can't see the letters to make them think of what sound it should make)
Morpheme Definition correct answers Smallest meaningful unit in a language. All words are
morphemes but not all morphemes are words. (prefix and suffix are examples of this)
, Bound Morpheme (affix) correct answers They do have meaning and function to alter the
meaning of the free morphemes. they can cannot stand alone in English usage (prefix, suffix)
What is the Order of Morpheme Acquisition in English" correct answers Research has
demonstrated that ELL students acquire English morphemes in a consistent order, regardless of
their native language or instructional context.
Stages of Morpheme Acquisition correct answers Stage 1: ing" of progressive verbs; plural
"s"Stage 2: Auxiliary verb; articles (the, a) Stage 3: irregular past tense verbs Stage 4: regular
past tense verbs; 3rd person singular Teachers should use this order when introduce these forms.
(don't correct errors from stages that haven't been taught yet) "
What is word analysis correct answers When you break a complex word into its constituent
morphemes in oder to help understand unfamiliar words.
Why is word analysis important correct answers Frequently used morphemes with identifiable
meanings (prefixes like re, pre, un) allow students to understand a wide range of words
composed of those elements.
Affix (bound morpheme) correct answers a morpheme that cannot occur independently bu must
be joined to another morpheme.
Root Word (base/free morpheme) correct answers a morpheme that can stand alone as it's own
word.
Prefixes, Suffixes, infixes correct answers "Prefix: Before root word Suffix: After rood word
Infix: middle of the root (rare in english)"
Inflectional Affixes correct answers They may change the number, gender, case, or tense of the
root, but they don't change the basic meaning. Example: Student can change to students. It's now
plural but the word is still a noun.
Derivational Affix correct answers Can change the meaning of the base word. When happy
changes to unhappy the meaning of the word has changed. Child can change to childish. The
word is no longer a noun but an adj.
Compound Words correct answers "combining two separate words. They can be difficult to
predict the meaning because they don't always reflect the meaning of the separate words.Not
common in other languages."
Pros to compound words correct answers They can ignite early experience with creativity within
english. EL's can try to create their own compound word
Cognates correct answers words that have common origin, and retain similarities in meaning,
spelling, or pronunciation. For example bio means life like in biography and biology. This can be
see in Spanish as well. For example, bilogia and biografia
Phonology Definition correct answers Studies the ways in which sounds (phonemes) are used to
create larger units of meaning.
Phonetics Definition correct answers Phonetics considers how individual speech sounds are
produced and perceived
Phonemes Definition correct answers Smallest unit of Speech Sounds in a language: English
consists of 44 unique phonemes, arising from 26 letters of the alphabet, used singly or in
combination
Phonetics VS. Phonology correct answers Phonetics is the physical representation of sound
(making a sound). Phonology is the mental representation (for example, how you would classify
that sound-syllable, constant, etc)
Phonological Rules correct answers The ways sounds change depending on where they occur
and how they are used.
Graphemes correct answers individual letters or groups of letters that depict how a sound is
written in a language. For example the sound /t/ (phoneme) can be written in two ways. single t"
like in tall or double "tt" like in better."
Diagraph correct answers Refers to any two ore more letter grapheme, such as tt" or "ch" (two
letters that make 1 sound) (These features make english more difficult for ELs)"
Onset correct answers "The sound (phoneme) that occurs at the beginning of the syllable. (only
consonants can be onsets in english) ex. C-at the onset is the c sound If the syllable begins with a
vowel then there is no onset. At has no onset since it syllable starts with vowel"
Rime correct answers "The vowel/consonants that follow the onset. Thus EVERY syllable has a
rime c-AT (the at is the rime)"
Phoneme Order Classification correct answers The first phonemes (sound) in a word is called the
beginning phoneme. The last phoneme is called the end phoneme. Any phonemes in the middle
are called medial phonemes.
When is Phoneme Order Classification mostly used? correct answers It's mostly used with
beginning readers. Breaking a word apart into its beginning, ending, and medial sound. They
may teach BET by pointing about the 3 parts of the sound.
Positive Transfer correct answers When a native language is similar to English. It can help
reinforce the learning process.
,What challenge will learners face since there are 44 phonemes but 26 letters. correct answers
This will complicate the learning process. There isn't a 1 to 1 correspondence. For example the
sound /k/ can be written in many different ways. Cat, Kite, and TaCK.
Diphthongs correct answers Combination of 2 or more vowels in a single syllable (which can
result in an unpredictable sound-proving to be difficult for ELs). For example the word chair
sounds like it should be spelled with /ur/ but it's not.
Consonant Clusters correct answers "When 2 or more consonants combine to form a single
sound. For example WR in wreck. (These features make english more difficult for ELs)"
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) correct answers "-No one alphabet has 1to1
correspondence between letters and sounds. -Created 1988. a standard system of symbols for all
the phonemes in human language."
Improving pronunciation skills correct answers "- audio recordings (repeat word after native
speaker and then replay recording) -Have students to reflect on how they could improve on their
pronunciation (after listening) -singing/choral reading -modeled speech with opportunities to
practice WITHOUT a focus on discourse/syntax"
prosodic features of language correct answers Differences in sound can affect meaning at a level
above that of individual phonemes (sounds), however, by operating on syllables, words,
sentences. (Pitch and Stress)
Pitch correct answers The frequency of the vibrations of the vocal cords. The lows and highs
Intonation correct answers used to distinguish a statement from a question
Stress correct answers "A difference in force applied to an element of speech, usually a syllable.
Sometimes changing the stress of a syllable may change the meaning. Example: con-VERT and
CON-vert."
Language Interference correct answers when features of a speakers native language affects his
ability to learn a 2nd language
Phonetic Interference correct answers "refers specifically to issues that arise when trying to learn
the sound system of a new language. When language learner attempts to speak the foreign
language using familiar sounds from their own native tongue."
How can you reduce phonetic interference correct answers Introduce a word in speech BEFORE
introducing it in writing. (Student will be less likely to pronounce with native language because
the can't see the letters to make them think of what sound it should make)
Morpheme Definition correct answers Smallest meaningful unit in a language. All words are
morphemes but not all morphemes are words. (prefix and suffix are examples of this)
, Bound Morpheme (affix) correct answers They do have meaning and function to alter the
meaning of the free morphemes. they can cannot stand alone in English usage (prefix, suffix)
What is the Order of Morpheme Acquisition in English" correct answers Research has
demonstrated that ELL students acquire English morphemes in a consistent order, regardless of
their native language or instructional context.
Stages of Morpheme Acquisition correct answers Stage 1: ing" of progressive verbs; plural
"s"Stage 2: Auxiliary verb; articles (the, a) Stage 3: irregular past tense verbs Stage 4: regular
past tense verbs; 3rd person singular Teachers should use this order when introduce these forms.
(don't correct errors from stages that haven't been taught yet) "
What is word analysis correct answers When you break a complex word into its constituent
morphemes in oder to help understand unfamiliar words.
Why is word analysis important correct answers Frequently used morphemes with identifiable
meanings (prefixes like re, pre, un) allow students to understand a wide range of words
composed of those elements.
Affix (bound morpheme) correct answers a morpheme that cannot occur independently bu must
be joined to another morpheme.
Root Word (base/free morpheme) correct answers a morpheme that can stand alone as it's own
word.
Prefixes, Suffixes, infixes correct answers "Prefix: Before root word Suffix: After rood word
Infix: middle of the root (rare in english)"
Inflectional Affixes correct answers They may change the number, gender, case, or tense of the
root, but they don't change the basic meaning. Example: Student can change to students. It's now
plural but the word is still a noun.
Derivational Affix correct answers Can change the meaning of the base word. When happy
changes to unhappy the meaning of the word has changed. Child can change to childish. The
word is no longer a noun but an adj.
Compound Words correct answers "combining two separate words. They can be difficult to
predict the meaning because they don't always reflect the meaning of the separate words.Not
common in other languages."
Pros to compound words correct answers They can ignite early experience with creativity within
english. EL's can try to create their own compound word
Cognates correct answers words that have common origin, and retain similarities in meaning,
spelling, or pronunciation. For example bio means life like in biography and biology. This can be
see in Spanish as well. For example, bilogia and biografia
