ANTHROPOLOGY 411 FINAL.
Sex - correct answer ✔biological (genitalia, hormones, physical size)
differences between males and females
Gender - correct answer ✔social and cultural meanings assigned to males
and females. Acceptable and promoted roles, practices, ideologies
Margaret Mead - correct answer ✔First anthropologist to discuss that gender
and sex are culturally constructed categories. Student of Boas. Research
Papua New Guinea - research aimed to distinguish between biological and
cultural factors.
Arapesh, Chambuli, Mundugumor - correct answer ✔Margaret Mead. 3
different roles definitions. alternatives to U.S. system, supported theory that
"sex roles" are culturally constructed
"two-spirited ones" or berdache - correct answer ✔people who were both
male and female.
Will Roscoe - correct answer ✔credited with research of "two-spirited ones"
Production - correct answer ✔Pattern of subsistence
Distribution - correct answer ✔among Ju/'hoiansi goods were distributed to
members of society, different modes of economic distribution of resources and
products
-reciprocity
-balanced reciprocity
,-redistribution
Consumption - correct answer ✔how people use goods and services and the
consequences of those items in their lives
Communal Modes of Production - correct answer ✔ethic of sharing and
egalitarianism, widespread among hunter gatherers and some mixed
foraging/horicultural societies
Foraging/Hunter-Gatherer - correct answer ✔little lierarchy in society,
impermanent settlements, simple technology, free time, low population
density, no domesticated plants/animals, gender differentiated tasks,
balanced diet
Insulting the meat - correct answer ✔meat was insulted so as the hunter who
caught the meat would not feel overly confident about themselves (cocky)
Pastoralism - correct answer ✔domesticating and herding animals
Sharing arrows - correct answer ✔Arrows shared among members of a
group but the meat caught belonged to the person whose arrow it was shot
with, even though the shooter ma not have owned the arrow
Market System - correct answer ✔a form of distribution utilized by most of
the developed world, depends on a form of money for exchange, does not rely
on personal relationships, aim is to make a profit
Horiculturalism - correct answer ✔small scale gardening, cultivating food for
own use
,Industrial Agriculture - correct answer ✔US/China style
Balanced Reciprocity - correct answer ✔a form of distribution in which there
is an equal status and relationship of exhcange. A and B give back and forth
Generalized Reciprocity - correct answer ✔a form of distribution in which
people give what they can and take what they need from pooled resources
Hxaro - correct answer ✔Delayed form of non-equal exchange, about social
relations involved, not the goods themselves. Purpose is to level wealth,
circulate useful goods, spread risk and maintain social ties among people
Industrialism - correct answer ✔mode of production in which goods and
serives are produced through mass employment in business and commercial
operations
Ritual - correct answer ✔day to day practices, sets of acts that follow a
sequence of established tradition, reflect fundamental believes and values of
a society
N/um - correct answer ✔healing substance in pit of stomach, used in healing
dances and trances, everyone has potential for it
Paul Farmer - correct answer ✔-doctor/anthropologist
-best known for work on HIV/AIDS in Haiti
-believes disease is "socially embedded" and constructed + can be explained
by cultural facotrs including political, economic, and religious
-health care is a human right
, AIDS of the North, AIDS of the South - correct answer ✔There is a wide-
spread disparity between those who live in the "North," or in the "West," and
those who live in the "south," or in less developed countries in terms of:
Resources—drugs, money, options
access to treatments
length and quality of life with AIDS
Opiate of the masses/false consciousness - correct answer ✔-religion
services to calm and control the general public
gangwasi - correct answer ✔ancestor spirits
good or bad
sometimes hang around the living, causing death or accidents to happen
Agriculture advantages - correct answer ✔more technology for manipulating
the environment
permits greater population densities
production of food surplus permits specialization of tasks
Thomas Hobbes - correct answer ✔described "natural" state of mankind -
before a central government is formed
no knowledge of time, arts, society, etc
Dobe Ju/'hoansi - correct answer ✔-hunter/gatherer
-little hierarchy
-impermanent settlements - move with food
-simple technology, free time
