ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
(APHY)101 FINAL EXAM IVY TECH
NEWEST 2025 QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED CORRECT ANSWERS | A+
GRADE STUDYGUIDE
what are the three parts of the brainstem? Correct Answer
midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
what is the function of the midbrain? Correct Answer
contains reflex centers that move the eyes and head
what is the function of the pons? Correct Answer helps
regulate rate and depth of breathing
relays impulses between the medulla oblongata and
cerebrum
what is the function of the medulla oblongata? Correct
Answer conducts ascending and descending impulses
between brain and spinal cord
- contains cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory control
centers and various nonvital reflex control centers
What is the cerebellum? Correct Answer - communication
with other parts of the CNS by tracts
- integrates sensory information concerning position of
body parts
- coordinates muscle activities and maintains posture
,what is the function of the vagus nerve? Correct Answer -
motor fibers that conduct impulses to muscles of the
larynx and pharynx.
- associated with speech and swallowing reflexes.
- autonomic motor fibers of the vagus nerves supply the
heart and many smooth muscles & glands in the viscera of
the thorax and abdomen
sympathetic nervous system Correct Answer - the division
of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body,
mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
- fight or flight responses
parasympathetic nervous system Correct Answer the
division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the
body, conserving its energy
what are the five types of sensory receptors? Correct
Answer mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, nociceptors,
electromagetic receptors, and chemoreceptors
What is sensory adaptation? Correct Answer ability to
ignore unimportant stimuli
Chemoreceptors Correct Answer respond to changes in
chemical concentrations
pain receptors Correct Answer -also called nociceptors
- respond to tissue damage
,Thermoreceptors Correct Answer respond to changes in
temperature
Mechanoreceptors Correct Answer respond to mechanical
forces by detecting changes that deform the receptors
what are the three mechanoreceptors? Correct Answer
proprioceptors, baroreceptors, stretc receptors
Proprioceptors Correct Answer respond to changes in the
tension of muscles and tendons
baroreceptors Correct Answer detect changes in blood
pressure
stretch receptors Correct Answer respond to the degree of
inflation in the lungs
what are free nerve endings? Correct Answer responsible
for the sensation of itching and other sensations
What are Meissner's corpuscles? Correct Answer touch
receptors
What are pacinian corpuscles? Correct Answer deep
pressure receptors
What are warm receptors? Correct Answer - those that
respond to warmer temperatures
- most sensitive to temperatures above 77 degrees F, 25
C
, - become unresponsive at 113F/45C. will trigger pain
receptors and produce a burning sensation
what are cold receptors? Correct Answer - those that
respond to colder temperatures
- most sensitive to temps between 50F/10C and 68F/20C.
- temps dropping below 68F/20C also stimulates pain
receptors, producing a freezing sensation
what are the muscle spindles? Correct Answer receptors
sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of
that change
What are golgi tendon organs? Correct Answer - tendons
close to their attachments of muscles
- connects to a set of skeletal muscle fibers and is
innervated by a sensory neuron
- high thresholds, increased tension stimulates them.
- stimulate a reflex with an effect that is opposite of a
stretch reflex
- helps maintain posture and protects muscle attachments
from being pulled loose by excessive tension.
describe the olfactory sensation Correct Answer - olfactory
receptor cells
- chemoreceptors sensitsve to chemicals dissolved in
liquids.
- olfactory organs cover upper parts of the nasal cavity
and contain olfactory receptor cells
- olfactory pathways, bulbs, and tracts
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