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NCLEX Fluid and Electrolytes ALL LATEST 2024 EXAM REVISION PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS $11.49
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NCLEX Fluid and Electrolytes ALL LATEST 2024 EXAM REVISION PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS

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Hypernatremia - ANSWER- Serum sodium level that EXCEEDS 145 mEq/L Causes: Hypernatremia - ANSWER- Decreased sodium excretion (corticosteroids, Cushing's Syndrome, Renal failure, Hyperaldosterone) Increased sodium intake (excessive oral soidium ingestion or administration of sodium containing IV...

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  • October 9, 2024
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LECTpharis
NCLEX Fluid and Electrolytes ALL LATEST 2024 EXAM

REVISION PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT

ANSWERS

Hypotonic Overhydration - ANSWER- Known as water intoxication; the excessive fluid moves

into the intracellular space and all body fluid compartments expand.

Electrolyte disturbances occur as result of dilution


Causes: Isotonic Overhydration - ANSWER- Inadequately controlled IV therapy


Renal Failure

Long-term corticosteroid therapy


Causes: Hypertonic Overhydration - ANSWER- Excessive sodium ingestion


Rapid infusion of hypertonic saline

Excessive sodium bicarbonate therapy


Causes: Hypotonic Overhydration - ANSWER- Early renal failure


CHF

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiurietic hormone secretion

Inadequately controlled IV therapy

Replacement of isotonic fluid loss with hypotonic fluids

Irrigation of wounds and body cavities with hypotonic fluids

,Goal: Overhydration Tx - ANSWER- Monitor all body systems


Prevent further fluid overload and restore normal fluid balance

Administer diuretics; osmotic diuretics typically prescribed first

Restrict fluid and sodium intake

Monitor I and O and weight

Monitor electrolyte values and prep to administer meds to treat imbalance


Hyponatremia - ANSWER- Sodium level LOWER than 135


Causes: Hyponatremia - ANSWER- Increased sodium excretion


~Excessive diaphoresis

~Diuretics

~Vomiting and Diarrhea

~Wound drainage

~Renal disease

~Decreased secretion of aldosterone

Inadequate sodium intake

~NPO

~Low salt diet

Dilution of serum sodium

, ~excessive ingestion of hypotonic fluids or irrigation with hypotonic fluids

~Renal failure

~Freshwater drowning

~Syndrome of Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion

~Hyperglycemia

~CHF


Interventions: Hyponatremia - ANSWER- Condition + fluid volume deficit, IV sodium

chloride infusions are administered to restore sodium content and fluid volume

Condition + fluid volume overload, osmotic diuretics are administered to promote the excretion of

water rather than sodium

antidiuretic hormone cause: meds that antagonize antidiuretic hormone

Instruct client to to increase oral sodium intake and the foods to include in the diet

Client taking lithium (lithobid), monitor the lithium level b/c hyponatremia can cause diminished

lithium excretion, resulting in toxicity


Hypernatremia - ANSWER- Serum sodium level that EXCEEDS 145 mEq/L


Causes: Hypernatremia - ANSWER- Decreased sodium excretion (corticosteroids, Cushing's

Syndrome, Renal failure, Hyperaldosterone)

Increased sodium intake (excessive oral soidium ingestion or administration of sodium containing

IV fluids)

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