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History of Psychology Psyc 375 Final Exam Review Comprehensive- Athabasca University | Latest Update | 2024/2025 | 100% Pass What was the primary focus of structuralism in psychology? Structuralism aimed to understand the structure of the mind by breaking down mental processes into the...

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History of Psychology Psyc 375 Final
Exam Review Comprehensive-
Athabasca University | Latest Update |
2024/2025 | 100% Pass

What was the primary focus of structuralism in psychology?


✔✔ Structuralism aimed to understand the structure of the mind by breaking down mental

processes into their basic components through introspection.




How did functionalism differ from structuralism in its approach to psychology?


✔✔ Functionalism emphasized the purpose of mental processes and behavior, focusing on how

they help individuals adapt to their environments, rather than just their structure.




Who is considered the father of psychoanalysis, and what key concept did he introduce?


✔✔ Sigmund Freud is considered the father of psychoanalysis, and he introduced the concept of

the unconscious mind and its influence on behavior.




What role did behaviorism play in the evolution of psychological thought?


✔✔ Behaviorism shifted the focus of psychology to observable behaviors, rejecting introspection

and emphasizing the importance of environmental influences on behavior.

1

,What was John Watson's contribution to the field of psychology?


✔✔ John Watson promoted behaviorism, arguing that psychology should focus on observable

behaviors rather than internal mental states, famously stating that "psychology is the science of

behavior."




How did B.F. Skinner expand upon behaviorist principles?


✔✔ B.F. Skinner introduced the concept of operant conditioning, demonstrating how behavior is

shaped by rewards and punishments in the environment.




What are the main tenets of humanistic psychology?


✔✔ Humanistic psychology emphasizes personal growth, self-actualization, and the inherent

goodness of individuals, focusing on subjective experiences and the potential for change.




What did Carl Rogers contribute to the field of humanistic psychology?


✔✔ Carl Rogers developed client-centered therapy, emphasizing empathy, unconditional

positive regard, and the importance of a therapeutic relationship in promoting personal growth.




How did the cognitive revolution challenge behaviorism?


2

,✔✔ The cognitive revolution reintroduced the study of mental processes, arguing that

understanding thoughts and perceptions is essential to understanding behavior, thus challenging

behaviorism's focus on observable actions.




What is the significance of the DSM in psychology?


✔✔ The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) provides standardized

criteria for diagnosing mental health disorders, facilitating communication among professionals

and guiding treatment.




How did cultural psychology emerge as a distinct field?


✔✔ Cultural psychology emerged by emphasizing the role of culture in shaping psychological

processes, highlighting how cultural contexts influence thoughts, behaviors, and mental health.




What impact did feminist psychology have on the field of psychology?


✔✔ Feminist psychology challenged traditional psychological theories by highlighting gender

biases, advocating for the inclusion of women's perspectives, and addressing issues of power and

inequality.




What is the primary focus of developmental psychology?



3

, ✔✔ Developmental psychology studies the psychological changes that occur throughout the

lifespan, examining cognitive, emotional, and social development from infancy to old age.




How did psychoanalysis influence modern psychotherapy practices?


✔✔ Psychoanalysis laid the groundwork for various therapeutic approaches by emphasizing the

importance of unconscious processes, early experiences, and the therapeutic relationship in

treatment.




What role does neuroscience play in contemporary psychology?


✔✔ Neuroscience examines the biological underpinnings of behavior and mental processes,

integrating findings from biology and psychology to enhance understanding of the mind.




What are the primary methods of research used in psychology?


✔✔ Primary methods include experiments, observational studies, surveys, case studies, and

correlational research, each providing different insights into psychological phenomena.




How does the field of positive psychology differ from traditional psychology?




4

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