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Chapter 2 Testbank Exam 2024/2025 Questions With Completed & Verified Solutions.
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Chapter 2 Testbank Exam 2024/2025 Questions With Completed & Verified Solutions.
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Chapter 2 TestbankThe introduction to Chapter 2 began with descriptions of disagreements over the relation
between television violence and aggressive behaviour, and of situations in which people won't
intervene to stop violence. Why would authors begin Chapter 2 by describing these
phenomena?
A) There are competing explanations for both phenomena, and research methods can be used
to establish the best explanation.
B) These topics address the most difficult issues that social psychologists will ever study.
C) Definitive explanations for both phenomena have been provided by social-psychological
research.
D) These topics are a good example of what has yet to be studied in social psychology.
E) There is more literature on violence and aggression than on any other topic of interest to
social psychologists. - ANS A) There are competing explanations for both phenomena, and
research methods can be used to establish the best explanation.
According to the authors, why are people often wrong in asserting that social psychology only
reflects common sense?
A) People's inferences about psychological phenomena are rarely based in fact.
B) Common sense is never correct.
C) People are largely ignorant about what exactly social psychologists study.
D) Most grandmothers' advice is based on common experience, not scientific evidence.
E) So-called common sense findings often make more sense in retrospect than in advance. -
ANS E) So-called common sense findings often make more sense in retrospect than in
advance.
In which of the following disciplines are students most likely—by virtue of their experiences—to
sigh, "Big deal. I could have predicted that"?
A) particle physics
B) organic chemistry
C) marine biology
D) social psychology
E) theoretical mathematics - ANS D) social psychology
In Chapter 2, the authors included a brief quiz about research findings. This quiz was designed
to illustrate that
A) most research findings directly contradict folk wisdom.
B) so-called "obvious" research findings are not all that easy to predict in advance.
,C) although people are not insightful "physicists," they are insightful "social psychologists."
D) social psychology is really little more than common sense.
E) the wording of a quiz can easily be manipulated to trick the reader. - ANS B) so-called
"obvious" research findings are not all that easy to predict in advance.
The precise specification of how variables are measured or manipulated in a social
psychological experiment is called
A) ethnography.
B) interjudge reliability.
C) random assignment.
D) operational definition.
E) reliability. - ANS D) operational definition.
The Kitty Genovese murder inspired research on bystander apathy. This example illustrates the
usefulness of relying on ________ in formulating research hypotheses.
A) casual observations of everyday life
B) folk wisdom
C) common sense
D) social-psychological theory
E) personal experience - ANS A) casual observations of everyday life
The _______ led Bibb Latané and John Darley to systematically test the situational factors that
influence people's responses to emergencies.
A) Bay of Pigs fiasco
B) Iran-Contra affair
C) Vietnam War
D) Watergate scandal
E) murder of Kitty Genovese - ANS E) murder of Kitty Genovese
Which of the following is NOT an example of an operational definition?
A) Defining "liking" as the number of times two people smile at each other.
B) Defining "liking" as the number of times people get together in one week.
C) Defining "aggression" as the number of times a child yells at a peer.
D) Defining "love" as a unique and special feeling.
E) Defining "aggression" as hitting another person. - ANS D) Defining "love" as a unique and
special feeling.
Professionals like actors, writers, and filmmakers employ observational methods to learn about
social situations. What makes their work different from the work of social psychologists?
,A) Social psychologists are more likely to be participant observers.
B) These professionals seldom set out to answer a specific question.
C) The situations or events that these professionals observe are not of interest to scientific
social psychologists.
D) Social psychologists tend to employ a pre-arranged set of criteria to guide their observations.
E) These professionals are more interested in individual personality differences than a social
psychologist would be. - ANS D) Social psychologists tend to employ a pre-arranged set of
criteria to guide their observations.
What makes the observations conducted by social scientists different from the kinds of
observations that anyone might make in the course of a day? Social scientists
A) will only sample people from their own culture.
B) make sure to observe a random sample of people.
C) observe and code behaviours according to prearranged criteria.
D) always rely on technology (e.g., hidden cameras or tape recorders) to record behaviours.
E) make it a point never to interact with the people they are observing. - ANS C) observe and
code behaviours according to prearranged criteria.
A researcher has recorded that on the playground, boys are more likely to use physical
aggression to get what they want, but girls are more likely to use verbal aggression to get what
they want. This researcher most likely employed a(n) ________ research method.
A) experimental
B) observational
C) clinical
D) interview
E) archival - ANS B) observational
A social psychologist employing the ________ method of research is most like a video camera.
A) experimental
B) co-reactive
C) archival analysis
D) observational
E) correlational - ANS D) observational
Professor Atkins wonders whether more people attend confession during the Christmas season
than at other times of the year. Three times per week during the months of February, April,
September, and December, he sits quietly at the back of a church and records how many
people come in for confession. Professor Atkins is using
A) the observational method.
B) obtrusive observation.
, C) the experimental method.
D) archival analysis.
E) a correlational design. - ANS A) the observational method.
Professor Swenson is interested in university students' reactions to the death of a popular rock
star. For two weeks, Professor Swenson spends one hour a day in a popular cafeteria,
inconspicuously listening to students, joining in their conversations when the topic of the dead
rock star comes up, and recording what the students have to say. Professor Swenson is
conducting ________ research.
A) interactive experimentation
B) ethnographic
C) historical
D) correlational
E) archival - ANS B) ethnographic
Which of the following is the best example of the observational method?
A) Chris puts a glass to the wall so that he can hear his parents argue.
B) Xena sends out a questionnaire to gain information on people's eating habits.
C) Gary stops people on the street to ask them how they voted in the last elections.
D) Twyla secretly videotapes guests at her sister's wedding.
E) Elaine parks her car near a traffic light and records how many drivers run red lights. - ANS
E) Elaine parks her car near a traffic light and records how many drivers run red lights.
Out of curiosity, you wonder whether some coworkers in your office are more likely than others
to use profanity. During the day, each and every time a coworker curses, you write down his or
her name, and the words he or she said. Your informal research is most like the ________
research conducted by social
psychologists.
A) archival
B) survey
C) correlational
D) ethnographic
E) experimental - ANS D) ethnographic
What is the major difference between ethnography and other kinds of systematic observation
used by social scientists? In ethnography
A) scientists interact with the people they are observing.
B) the people who are observed are paid for their part in the research study.
C) scientists randomly assign people to conditions.
D) scientists observe anything that seems surprising or interesting.
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