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Clinical Immunology and Serology Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% Solved
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Clinical Immunology and Serology Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% Solved Definition of immunity - resistance to disease Causes of immune deficiency - AIDS, newborns, elderly, leukemia, lymphoma, chemotherapy, radiation therapy nonspecific immunity (natural, innate) - the first line of defense...

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  • October 9, 2024
  • 35
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • Clinical Immunology
  • Clinical Immunology

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©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025 YEAR PUBLISHED, 2024.
Clinical Immunology and Serology Exam

1 Questions and Answers 100% Solved


Definition of immunity - ✔✔resistance to disease

Causes of immune deficiency - ✔✔AIDS, newborns, elderly, leukemia,

lymphoma, chemotherapy, radiation therapy

nonspecific immunity (natural, innate) - ✔✔the first line of defense. Many

microorganisms are not able to pass through this defense system and

initiate an infection

specific immunity (adaptive, acquired) - ✔✔defense unique for each

microbe

immunologic memory is established by ______________ so that the body

is resistant to reinfection by the same microorganism - ✔✔specific

immunity

components of specific immunity

soluble factors- - ✔✔found in the fluid portion of the blood, the plasma,

or serum

components of specific immunity

,©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025 YEAR PUBLISHED, 2024.
cellular elements- - ✔✔primarily white blood cells

nonspecific immunity is present when - ✔✔at birth

is previous exposure required to initiate a response when dealing with

nonspecific immunity - ✔✔no

when dealing with nonspecific immunity repeated exposure - ✔✔does

not increase responsiveness

nonspecific immunity can be effective against many different types of -

✔✔unlrelated organsims

is lymphocyte activation required to initiate specific immunity - ✔✔no

components of nonspecific immunity include - ✔✔a. non-susceptibility f.

phagocytosis

b. epithelial barriers g. acid pH of the stomach

c. antibacterial agents h. normal flora

d. inflammation i. cilia

e. complement j. fever

species specificity - ✔✔some pathogens are species specific

there are some ________ __________ between species -

✔✔physiologic differences (birds & body temp)

,©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025 YEAR PUBLISHED, 2024.
Duffy negative RBCs, Fy (a- b-), - ✔✔are more resistant to infection with

Plasmodium vivax (malaria)

sickle cell disease- - ✔✔more resistant to malaria

three factors that may increase susceptibility to infection - ✔✔age

(newborns & elderly)

hormonal influences (diabetes, pregnancy)

malnourishment

epithelial barrier skin - ✔✔forms a physical barrier against invasion, is

the most important non-specific, external defense

mechanism of protection- desiccation(dryness) - ✔✔inhibits moisture

loving fungi

mechanism of protection-desquamation (shedding) - ✔✔the dead outer

layer of skin is constantly being shed and replaced so surface bacteria are

eliminated

mechanism of protection- a. fatty acids from sebaceous glands are -

✔✔bactericidal and fungicidal

epithelial barrier- mucosal surfaces - ✔✔are protected by a viscous

secretion called mucus (glycoproteins & lipoproteins). Mucus prevents

attachment of microbes to living cells of the epithelium

, ©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025 YEAR PUBLISHED, 2024.
epithelial barrier- nasal hairs - ✔✔filter out large inhaled particles

epithelial barrier- ciliated epithelial cells - ✔✔cilia that wave upward

toward the pharynx. Particles that pass nasal hair are trapped in the mucus

which is moved up the pharynx and are swallowed, coughed, or spit out

external defense of nonspecific immunity- tearing - ✔✔flushes out the

eyes washing away surface contamination

external defense of nonspecific immunity- urine flow - ✔✔flushes

organisms away from the urethral meatus (prevents colonization and

bladder infections)

external defense of nonspecific immunity- stomach acid - ✔✔low pH

eliminates microbes

external defense of nonspecific immunity- indigenous microbiota of

mucosal surfaces - ✔✔compete for space and nutrients so many

pathogens are unable to thrive

inflammation definition - ✔✔body's reaction to tissue injury

classic signs of inflammation - ✔✔dolor (pain), calor (heat), rubor

(redness), and tumor (swelling)

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