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BSC 108 Exam 1 Verified 2024
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BSC 108 Exam 1 Verified 2024
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BSC 108 Exam 1 Verified 20241, single-strand - ANSWER-RNA has _______ strand(s) of nucleotides and is arranged
in a
2, double-helix - ANSWER-DNA has ____ strand(s) of nucleotides and is arranged in a
________
3D shape/structure - ANSWER-the characteristic of a protein that determines its
function
a phosphate group bonded to a sugar (deoxyribose=DNA, ribose=RNA) to form the
sides of the ladder (sugar-phosphate backbone) with a specific nitrogen base -
ANSWER-molecular structure of a nucleotide
acid - ANSWER-lower pH number; higher H+ concentration; donates H+ atoms to a
solution
activation energy - ANSWER-energy that activates the reactants and triggers the
chemical reaction; energy needed to break the bonds of the reactants
active site - ANSWER-place in the enzyme where the substrate bonds and is broken
apart
active transport - ANSWER-transport of materials that requires energy; ex: exo- and
endocytosis; moves materials against concentration gradient; uses ATP
Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine - ANSWER-nitrogen bases for DNA
Adenine, Guanine, Uracil Cytosine - ANSWER-nitrogen bases for RNA
adenosine diphosphate - ANSWER-result of when ATP releases a phosphate group
and energy to be used by the cell
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - ANSWER-type of energy that can readily be used by
cells; is the result of cellular respiration; made of adenosine and three phosphate
groups; "energy currency" of cells
Archaea - ANSWER-domain made up of single-celled organisms with prokaryotic cells;
prefer extreme environments
Archaea, Bacteria - ANSWER-domains that contain prokaryotic cells
atomic number - ANSWER-number of protons and electrons an atom has (because it is
neutral, the number of protons and electrons is the same)
, atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations,
communities, ecosystems, biosphere - ANSWER-list the levels of biological
organization in order from smallest to largest
Bacteria - ANSWER-domain made up of single-celled organisms with prokaryotic cells;
can live everywhere
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya - ANSWER-three domains of living organisms
base - ANSWER-higher pH number; lower H+ concentration; accepts H+ ions and
removes them from a solution
break/form - ANSWER-In order for a chemical reaction to take place, the bonds of the
reactions must first _________ before new bonds can ________.
buffers - ANSWER-substances that resist pH change by accepting H+ ions from acids
and donating H+ ions to bases
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids - ANSWER-four major large molecules
catalyst - ANSWER-something that makes a chemical reaction faster and more efficient
cell - ANSWER-the smallest level of organization that maintains all the characteristics of
life
cell wall, chloroplast, central vacuole - ANSWER-organelles found in plant cells but not
in animal cells
cells - ANSWER-all organisms are composed of one or more _______
cellulose - ANSWER-structural polysaccharide that is extremely abundant and used for
more of structural support; major component of wood; known as dietary fiber; animals
cannot break the link between the glucose monomers
centriole, lysosome - ANSWER-organelles found in animal cells but not in plant cells
chemical energy - ANSWER-form of potential energy stored in food, gas, and other
fuels; stored in covalent bonds of molecules
chloroplast - ANSWER-organelle found only in plant cells; converts energy from sun to
a form the cell can use; performs photosynthesis
cilia - ANSWER-motile organelles that are numerous and short; work to help the cell
move with a beating back-and-forth motion
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