Nursing process - Correct Ans-assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning,
implementation, evaluation
Infectious disease - Correct Ans--caused by a pathogenic organism, such as bacteria,
viruses, parasites or fungi
-can spread through contact (direct or indirect), fluid exchange, exposure to vectors, the
environment
Normal defences against infection (3) - Correct Ans-1. normal flora
2. inflammatory response
3. body system defences
normal flora - Correct Ans--can be found on the skin or the GI tract
-live on another living organism (human or animal) or inanimate object without causing
disease.
-important in fighting disease, when not enough Normal flora; body defences are
lowered and disease grows
what can reduce normal flora - Correct Ans-broad-spectrum antibiotics , when abused
can cause diarrhea or rash
Defence of respiratory tract - Correct Ans-cilia in airways trap organisms and move
them up pharynx to be removed
defence of eyes - Correct Ans-tearing up and blinking
,defence of GI tract - Correct Ans-acidity and gas destroys some organisms, also
peristalsis (contraction) removes some microorganisms
defence of inflammation - Correct Ans-cellular response to injury or infection, build-up of
WBC target harmful microorganisms
defence of skin - Correct Ans-shedding of the outer layer, fatty acids destroy some
bacteria
HAI - Correct Ans-Healthcare-associated infection
ARO - Correct Ans-antibiotic-resistant organism;
Can occur naturally, through mutations, picking up resistance genes
how can you tell if an antibiotic is ARO - Correct Ans--increase disease
-emergence of multi-drug-resistance organisms
-use of alternative antimicrobials that are less effective and more toxic
-increased treatment failure
-increased mortality
MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) - Correct Ans-an infection caused
by specific bacteria that has become resistant to many antibiotics
Staphylococcus aureus - Correct Ans--found in healthy skin
-causes pimples and boils or pneumonia or blood infections
-resistant to methicillin
who is most likely to have an MRSA infection and what would it look like - Correct Ans--
most likely elderly or very ill
-healthy person's nose or skin
-can develop an open wound (bedsore) around the invasive device, blood, urine
How is MRSA transmitted? - Correct Ans-contact and droplet
What is VRE (Vancomycin-resistant enterococci)? - Correct Ans-enterococcus:
- bacteria naturally present in the GI tract/shed through stool
Vancomycin:
- an antibiotic used to treat infections caused by most strains of enterococcus
VRE:
- infection of urinary tract, surgical wounds or bloodstream, difficult to treat and can be
threatening
-very hard, found on hard surfaces for weeks to months and hands for hours
modes of transmission - Correct Ans-contact (direct or indirect) droplet, airborne,
common vehicle, vector
, what are the 6 links in chain of infection - Correct Ans-1. Infectious Agent (the germ)
2. Reservoir (hiding places)
3. Portal of Exit (way out)
4. Mode of Transmission (getting around)
5. Portal of Entry (way too)
6. Susceptible Host (next sick person)
why should nurses know the chain of infections - Correct Ans-to break one or more links
to prevent the spread and development of infection
is mucus membrane a portal of exit or entry - Correct Ans-entry
What are routine practices? - Correct Ans-describes the basic standard of IPAC that are
required for safe client care
the same safe standards are applied to everyone
the basic elements of routine practice - Correct Ans--risk assessment+HH+PPE
-control of the environments
-engineering controls
-administrative controls
what are the basic elements of (tier 2) additional precautions - Correct Ans--routine
practices + specialized accommodation and signage
-PPE
-dedicated eqpmnts and +cleaning measures
-limited transport
-communication
TRUE or FALSE: Additional precautions should only be used when diagnoses is
confirmed - Correct Ans-FALSE: they should be used as soon as symptoms suggest
infection, NOT ONLY when diagnosis is confirmed
Clostridium Difficile (C.diff) - Correct Ans-a bacterial infection common to older adults in
hospitals or long-term care facilities
A px is showing these symptoms:
- watery diarrhea
-fever
-loss of appetite/nausea
-abdominal pain
-dehydration
This most likely mean the patient is diagnosed with... - Correct Ans-Clostridium Difficile
(C.diff)
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