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PUH 210 Test II Study Guide
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PUH 210 Test II Study Guidehereditary material in humans which make up genes - Answer DNA
How many copies of each gene do you have? - Answer 2 copies
copies of a gene are referred to as what - Answer alleles
What are Mendel's two laws? - Answer 1. Law of Segregation
2. Law of Independent Assortment
what are some challenges to genetics in the field of public health - Answer fear of
Eugenics, predictive power of genes, genetic reductionism, non-modifiable risk factors
where is dna found - Answer nucleus and sometimes mitochondria
complete set of DNA contains almost 3 billion base pairs - Answer genome
4 chemical base pairs of dna - Answer adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
basic physical and functional unit of heredity - Answer genes
what are genes made of - Answer DNA
copies or forms of the same gene with small differences in their sequence of DNA bases
- Answer alleles
most people are about _____ identical on the genetic level - Answer 99%
made of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins - Answer chromosomes
each chromosome has a constriction point known as a - Answer centromere
short arm of chromosome - Answer p arm
long arm of chromosome - Answer q arm
made huge contributions to genetics by studying pea plants - Answer gregor mendel
states that every individual carries two copies or alleles for any particular trait which
separate during cell division - Answer law of segregation
states that two unrelated traits, such as shape and color, separate independently when
passed from parent to offspring - Answer law of independent assortment
physical appearance of the organism - Answer phenotype
alleles that are actually present - Answer genotype
, both alleles are the same - Answer homozygous
two different alleles - Answer heterozygous
occurs when both alleles affect the phenotype in separate distinguishable ways and
both phenotypes are expressed - Answer co-dominance
example of co-dominance - Answer AB blood type
phenotype of a heterozygote appears to be intermediate to or distinct from the
homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive conditions - Answer incomplete
dominance
gene has more than one effect on the phenotype - Answer pleiotropy
family tree that describes the interrelationships of parents and children across
generations - Answer pedigree
Is albinism dominant or recessive? - Answer recessive
is widows peak dominant or recessive? - Answer dominant
is attached earlobe dominant or recessive - Answer recessive
Is achondroplasia dominant or recessive? - Answer dominant
what do we have improved understanding of - Answer aetiology, prevention, and
management of complex diseases
GINA law stands for - Answer genetic information nondiscrimination act
all about one's dna (nature) - Answer eugenics
focuses on the impact of the environment (nurture) - Answer epigenetics
what has been useful in determining the influence of genes and the environment on
health outcomes - Answer twin studies
our genes and the environment contribute _____ to our susceptibility to diseases/health
outcomes - Answer almost equally
What did Galton believe? - Answer believed that intelligence was "fixed" on the basis of
inheritance (genetics) and marriages should be judicious in order to preserve and
improve certain traits
science that deals with the improvement of hereditary qualities of a race or breed -
Answer eugenics
modifications which happen when chemical compounds are added to genes to regulate
their activities - Answer epigenetic changes
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