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Exam (elaborations)

PUH 210 Module 4 Exam Latest Update

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PUH 210 Module 4 Exam Latest Update ...

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  • October 9, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • variolation
  • PUH 210
  • PUH 210
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PUH 210 Module 4 Exam Latest
Update

Variolation - Answer inoculation of smallpox into the skin

Who is credited with the first invention of the vaccine? - Answer Dr. Edward Jenner

How did Dr. Jenner establish the first ever clinical trial? - Answer Inoculated a boy with
cowpox to develop immunity to smallpox

What did Lewis Pasteur note? - Answer Aged cultures of disease affected its virulence

What made smallpox eradication successful? - Answer --No animal reservoir (humans
only)

--Active immunity (lasts for life)

--Subclinical cases are rare (apparent symptoms)

--Infectivity does not precede overt symptoms (only infectious when symptoms show)

--One Variola Serotype (no mutations)

What is immunization? - Answer the process in which an infectious disease is prevented
prior exposure to a pathogen administered in a form that will not cause illness

What is a form of immunization? - Answer Vaccination

What immune response does the immune system involve? - Answer --Physical barriers

--Chemical substances

--Cells (lymphocytes)

--Proteins (antibodies)

What does the immune system recognzie? - Answer foreign substances

What two components make up the immune system? - Answer memory and specificity

What complex processes are involved in the mechanisms of the immune system? -
Answer Detection of changes in cells and detection of infectious organisms

What two systems make up the immune system? - Answer Innate and adaptive

Describe innate immune system - Answer Present at birth, first line of defense, and has
a nonspecific response.

, What does the innate immune system consist of? - Answer Anatomical barriers (skin)

Physiological barriers (stomach acid)

Phagocytic cells (neutrophils, microphages)

Inflammatory processes (antibacterial activity)

Natural killer cells (cytotoxic activity)

What two types of immunity make up adaptive immunity? - Answer cell-mediated
(cellular) and humoral

Describe adaptive immunity - Answer second line of defense, specific response to
antigens, acquired through previous exposure to infections, can recognize and destroy
specific foreign agents based on antigenic properties

What does cell-mediated immunity involve? What are some of its roles? - Answer
T-lymphocytes (cells)

Presents antigens in a way B-cells can recognize and eliminate intercellular organisms
such as viruses and bacteria.

Where do t-cells come from? - Answer T cells come from the bone marrow and
differentiate in the thymus

What are three types of T-Cells? - Answer Cytotoxic (CD8): destroy infected host cells

Helper (CD4): secretes cytokines to aid cytotoxic T cells and B cells in their killings

Suppressor: suppress activities of cytotoxic, helper, and B cells

What are cytokines? - Answer proteins that mediate cell functions (amplify, regulate,
communicate)

What happens when someone has a low T Cell count? - Answer low immunity and low
ability to fight infection

What does humoral immunity involve? What is its role? - Answer B lymphocytes (cells)

Primary defense against extracellular organisms and recognizes antigen on cell
surface.

What are the epitopes or the antigenic determinants? - Answer regions of an antigen
molecule that stimulate immune responses

What do B-lymphocytes (cells) do? - Answer Bind to antigen which transform into
plasma cells that produce antibodies

What do plasma cells produce? - Answer antibodies

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