Exam (elaborations)
Digital Court Reporting Questions and Answers 2024
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Digital Court Reporting
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Digital Court Reportingsound - answer vibrations that can be perceived by the ear
microphone - answer converts the acoustical energy that is sound into an electrical
signal that can be delivered to either an analog or a digital device (first step in capturing
a quality recording)
digital mixer or A/D converter - answer to change analog signal to a digital signal it will
need to pass through an analog to digital converter, commonly referred to as a
__________________________. Most act as a phantom power source for condenser
microphones.
sample rate and bit rate - answer the two most important factors in the quality of the
new digital audio
low sampling rate - answer equals approximation
high sampling rate - answer equals smooth
bit rate - answerrepresents the amount of information, or detail, that is stored per unit of
time of recording
microphone type (dynamic or condenser), pickup pattern, size and stands, cost, cables
and connectors - answervariables that you must consider to ensure that the audio
quality is preserved when selecting the microphones that you will use when reporting
dynamic microphones - answer("moving coil" microphones) microphone made up of a
diaphragm, a coil, and a magnet; as acoustical energy hits against the diaphragm,
which is a flat plate at the front of the microphone, it causes the coil that is attached to it
to move back and forth over top of the magnet. The movement of the coil over top of the
magnet creates an electrical signal which travels through the wires within the
microphone and eventually reaches your digital mixer or A/D converter.
Condenser microphones - answermicrophone that consists of a front plate (diaphragm),
back plate, and a 48-volt power source; the front and back plate together create a
capacitor. When acoustical energy hits the front plate of the capacitor, the distance
between the front and back plate changes. The gap between these two plates is
electrically charged. This charge is created by either an internal battery source or an
external power source referred to as phantom power.
, biggest difference between dynamic and condenser microphones - answerthe way by
which acoustical energy is transformed into electrical energy, one assisted by an
electrical source and the other by a magnet.
pickup pattern - answerthe set path in which a microphone will intercept sound
cardioid pickup pattern - answera heart-shaped pattern which reaches out from the
diaphragm of a microphone, also known as unidirectional, is named after the Greek
word kardioeides meaning heart-shaped.
super-cardioid and hyper-cardioid patterns - answerhave more narrow areas of
sensitivity while rejecting more sound from the back and sides
omnidirectional pickup pattern - answerpickup pattern that intercepts sound from all
directions from its placement, meaning it captures sound equally from all directions.
switches - answerallow you to change the pickup pattern
capsules - answeron some condenser microphones which can be changed to switch a
microphone's pickup pattern
dynamic microphones - answerheavier, bulky microphones that are very good for the
spoken word in a very controlled environment. NOT designed for long-range pickup or
varying pickup patterns.
gooseneck microphone - answertype of condenser microphone commonly used in
digital reporting. They have a solid base which rests on a desk or table, from the base, a
long flexible neck with a narrow condenser microphone attached to the end extends out
towards the speaker--it often times has a button that can toggle the microphone on and
off to keep confidential conversations from appearing on the record
low-profile boundary microphone - answertype of condenser microphone. They lay flat
on a desk or table and are commonly no more than an inch or two thick. You must be
aware of its location so that it does not get covered up. This type of microphone tends to
pick up a lot of ambient noise--often come in digital recording freelance kits.
lavalier microphone - answeran extremely small condenser microphone that attaches
directly to the speaker. These microphones are particularly useful when the
environment does not offer an opportunity to place a microphone in front of a speaker.
They are also effective in a courtroom environment where attorneys tend to wander
from place to place. They can be both wired and wireless--requires the use of batteries.
XLR connector - answermost common microphone connector
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