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Cardiovascular NCLEX-PN Actual Exam-A Grade | 212 Questions & Correct Answers
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Cardiovascular NCLEX-PN Actual Exam-A Grade | 212 Questions & Correct Answers
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Cardiovascular NCLEX-PN Actual Exam-AGrade | 212 Questions & Correct Answers
What can coughing at night signify with regards to cardiac condition? - ✔✔Pulmonary
congestion in recumbent position --> L sided heart failure
What can coughing up blood signify with regards to cardiac condition? - ✔✔Severe
congestion of pulmonary capillaries --> L sided heart failure
What can dependent edema signify with regards to cardiac condition? - ✔✔R sided heart
failure
What can fatigue/weakness signify with regard to cardiac condition? - ✔✔Poor perfusion of
skeletal muscles
What can intermittent claudication signify with regards to cardiac condition? -
✔✔Obstruction of arterial vessels in legs
What can nocturia signify with regards to cardiac condition? - ✔✔Heart failure --> either R or
L sided
What can orthopnea signify with regards to cardiac condition? - ✔✔L sided heart failure
What can palpitations signify with regards to cardiac condition? - ✔✔Dysrhythmias
What can paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea signify with regards to cardiac condition? -
✔✔Decreased L ventricular pumping ability --> L sided heart failure
,What can shortness of breath signify with regards to cardiac condition? - ✔✔L sided heart
failure
What can syncope signify with regards to cardiac condition? - ✔✔Transient reduction of
cerebral blood flow or transient hypotension
What can weight loss/weight gain signify with regards to cardiac condition? - ✔✔R sided
heart failure
What are diagnostic findings for pericarditis? - ✔✔Increased WBC (infectious causes)
Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Positive blood cultures (infectious causes)
Positive antinuclear antibody (autoimmune causes)
Widespread EKG changes in ST segment (most or all 12 leads)
What is the management of pericarditis? - ✔✔Antiinflammatory meds --> NSAIDs,
corticosteroids
Antibiotics --> infectious causes
Oxygen
Surgery --> if recurrent, pericardial window creation or full pericardiectomy; pericardiocentesis
if cardiac tamponade
What medication class should be avoided in the treatment of pericarditis and why? -
✔✔Anticoagulants --> can increase risk of cardiac tamponade
What position should we keep pericarditis patients in to promote comfort? - ✔✔Semi-
Fowler's or high-Fowler's
,What are 3 potentially life-threatening complications of pericarditis? - ✔✔Cardiac
tamponade
Dysrhythmias
Heart failure
What should be kept at the bedside in the case of pericarditis patients? -
✔✔Pericardiocentesis kit (for emergency treatment of pericarditis)
What is myocarditis? - ✔✔Inflammation of myocardium
What are some causes of myocarditis? - ✔✔Infection (bacterial, viral, fungal)
Serum sickness
Rheumatic fever
Chemical agent
Autoimmune disorder (SLE)
What are some symptoms of myocarditis? - ✔✔May be vague/unnoticeable
May include:
Fatigue
Dyspnea
Palpitations
Occasional precordial discomfort (chest soreness)
Persistent fever
Recent upper respiratory infection with fever
Recent viral pharyngitis
Recent tonsillitis
Signs of congestive heart failure
, Murmur
S3
Gallup or friction rub
Tachycardia disproportionate to degree of fever
Joint pain and swelling
What are some possible diagnostic signs of myocarditis? - ✔✔Increased ESR
Increased myocardial enzymes --> Troponin & creatine kinase (CPK-MB)
What does the management of myocarditis consist of? - ✔✔Antibiotics (infectious causes)
Corticosteroids (inflammation)
Analgesics
Cardiovascular drugs to treat heart failure (if necessary)
Diuretics (if necessary)
Oxygen
What is endocarditis? - ✔✔Infection of endocardium, heart valves, or heart valve prosthesis
What causes endocarditis? - ✔✔Bacterial and fungal infections
Typically seeded in malformed/damaged heart valves or heart valve prosthesis
What is a potentially life-threatening complication of endocarditis? - ✔✔Formation and
embolization of vegetations
What are the most common causes of bacterial infections in endocarditis? - ✔✔Group B
strep
Staphylococcus areus
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