NURS 5315: Exam 3 Concept and Clinical
Conditions (Part I Cardiovascular System) Exam |
Questions with Answers Verified 100% Correct
How does norepinephrine effect the Cardiovascular System? - ✔✔Strong vasoconstriction
(smooth muscle contraction) , increased coronary flow, increases systolic and some diastolic BP
(REMEMBER how Catecholamines effect the CV system)
How does Dopamine effect the Cardiovascular System? - ✔✔Positive inotropic(inc strength
of muscular contraction), increase HR, and Increase BP(vasoconstriction)
What medications decrease contraction? - ✔✔Beta Blockers - block the effects of
catecholamines
Nondihydropyridine Calcium Channel blockers
What is the condition pathway? - ✔✔1. SA node (60-100 bpm)
2. AV node (40-60 bpm)
3. Bundle of His ( less than 40 bpm)
4. Purkinje Fibers
The SA node represents what on the EKG? - ✔✔Atrial Depolarization - P wave
The Perkinje fibers represents what on the EKG? - ✔✔Ventricular depolarization - QRS
Complex - atrial repolarization
,The T wave on the EKG represents what action in the heart? - ✔✔Ventricular Repolarization
Action Potential for Cardiac Myocytes: Phase 0 - ✔✔Rapid Depolarization of the Cell: Na+
comes into the cell as a result of the voltage gated Na+ channels opening up
Action Potential for Cardiac Myocytes: Phase 1 - ✔✔Initial Repolarization of the cells: The
voltage gated Na+ channels are closed and the voltage-gated K+ channels open and K+ starts to
slowing leave the cell
Action Potential for Cardiac Myocytes: Phase 2 - ✔✔Plateau Phase: The voltage gated Ca+
channels open which allows for the influx of Ca+ into the cell to balance out the K+ leaving. The
influx of Ca+ triggers the release of more Ca+ from the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum causing
myocardial contraction
Action Potential for Cardiac Myocytes: Phase 3 - ✔✔Rapid Repolarization: Massive efflux of
K+. The voltage gated K+ channels open and the voltage gated Ca+ channels start to close
Action Potential for Cardiac Myocytes: Phase 4 - ✔✔Resting membrane potential of -85mV.
There is high permeability from the potassium channels
Action Potential for Pacemaker Cells: Phase 0 - ✔✔Depolarization: opening of the voltage
gated Ca+ channels. Na+ channels are inactivated because the resting membrane potential of
these cells are less negative than their ventricular counter parts
Action Potential for Pacemaker Cells: Phase 3 - ✔✔Repolarization: closure of the voltage
gated Ca+ channels and the opening of the voltage-gated K+ channels. This causes the K+ efflux
Action Potential for Pacemaker Cells: Phase 4 - ✔✔Slow Depolarization: spontaneous influx
of Na+ (This is what gives the SA and AV node automaticity)
, Acetylcholine and Adenosine have what effect on the hearts pacemaker cells? - ✔✔They
decrease the rate of depolarization
What effect does Catecholamines have on pacemaker cells? - ✔✔They increase the rate of
depolarization
What part of the ECG tracing represents the depolarization of the atria? - ✔✔P wave
Where is the repolarization of the atria represented on an ECG? - ✔✔Hidden in the QRS
complex
What part of an ECG presents ventricular depolarization? - ✔✔QRS Complex
QT interval represents the contraction of what part of the heart? - ✔✔Ventricles
What part of the ECG represents ventricular repolarization? - ✔✔T wave
What does the ST segment represent on an ECG? - ✔✔Ventricular depolarization
A person with hypokalemia or bradycardia may present what on an ECG? - ✔✔U wave after
the QRS complex
T wave inversion suggests: - ✔✔Myocardial ischemia
ST segment elevation may suggest: - ✔✔Myocardial injury, patient may be having an
myocardial Infarction (MI)
What do Beta 1 receptors cause in the heart? - ✔✔Increase Contractility
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