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MCB 3020C Microbiology EXAM 1 Questions with Correct Answers
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What are the two types of microbial cells? - Answer-Prokaryotic and eukaryotic What is the 3 domains that are based on the comparison of rRNA? - Answer--Bacteria -Archaea -Eukarya B.A.E. Domain Bacteria - Answer-Has: -peptidoglycan -can have plasmids -Can perform Horizontal Gene tra...

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  • October 9, 2024
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MCB 3020C Microbiology EXAM 1
Questions with Correct Answers
What are the two types of microbial cells? - Answer-Prokaryotic and eukaryotic

What is the 3 domains that are based on the comparison of rRNA? - Answer--Bacteria
-Archaea
-Eukarya

B.A.E.

Domain Bacteria - Answer-Has:

-peptidoglycan
-can have plasmids
-Can perform Horizontal Gene transfer (HGT)
-Beta (1,4) Glycosidic
-Hopanoids
-Nucleoid
-Can be Gram (+) or (-)
-Lacks a membrane-bound nucleus

Domain Archaea - Answer-Has:

-Unique rRNA
-Can have monolayer or bilayer plasma membrane
-Pseudomurein in cell wall
-All have L-peptides
-Methanogenesis
-Hami = Hook
-Canulae
-could just have S-layer
-Beta (1,3) Glycosidic
-Lack peptidoglycan
-unique lipids

Domain Eukarya - Answer-Consists of Protists and Fungi:

*Generally larger than prokaryotes

Protists: W.A.S.P.

-Water Molds
-Algae

,-Slime Molds
-Protozoa

Fungi:

*Macro & microorganisms

-Yeast=Unicellular
-Molds=Multicellular

SSU rRNA - Answer-small subunit ribosomal RNA

-sequences of 16s &18s rRNA

When comparing rRNA sequences between two organisms, their relatedness is
represented by...? - Answer-Percent Sequence Homology

-70% is cutoff value for species definition

Viruses - Answer--Smallest of all microbes
-Requires host to replicate
-NON-LIVING
-causes range of disease, some cancers
-Virions is the complete virus
-transfers gene between bacteria and others

What are viroids and virusoids? - Answer-infectious agents composed of RNA

Prions - Answer-infectious proteins

-Proteinaceous infectious particles

- causes a variety of degenerative diseases
a)scrapie in sheep
b)Bovine spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) or mad cow disease
c)Cruetzfeldt-jakob disease (CJD)
d)Kuru in humans

Definition of life: - Answer--cells and organization
-response to environmental changes
-growth and development
-biological evolution
-energy use and metabolism
-regulation and homeostasis
-reproduction

, LUCA - Answer-last universal common ancestor

What is the universal phylogenetic tree based off of? - Answer--based on comparisons
of SSU rRNA (Small subunit rRNA)

-provides relatedness, but not time of divergence.

Which two domains evolved independently of the other domain? - Answer-Archaea &
Eukarya evolved independently of Bacteria

Which two domains diverged from a common ancestor? - Answer-Archaea &Eukarya

Endosymbiotic Hypothesis - Answer-origin of mitochondria, chloroplasts, and
hydrogenosomes from endosymbiont

Steps in Endosymbiotic Hypothesis - Answer--Ancestral Eukaryotic cell had lost cell wall
-Engulfment of an endosymbiont occurred
-Produced needed product such as ATP.
-Genome reduction occurs

What led to selected traits? - Answer-Mutations of genetic material.

Mosaic of Genetic Info - Answer-The new genes & genotypes that evolved

How do Bacteria and Archaea increase the genetic pool? - Answer-Horizontal Gene
Transfer (HGT) within the same generation

Note: This is NOT a form of reproduction. It's like passing genetic info to a neighbor.

True or False: Bacteria and Archaea reproduce Sexually - Answer-False. They do not
reproduce sexually and are referred to as Strains.

Strain - Answer-Consist of descendants of a single, pure, microbial culture.

-Maybe biovars, serovars, morphovars, pathovars

Species - Answer-is a collection of Strains that share many stable properties and differ
significantly from other groups of strains

The process of endospore formation is called - Answer-Sporulation normally
commences when growth ceases due to lack of nutrients. Thus it is a survival
mechanism that allows the bacterium to produce a dormant cell that can survive until
nutrients are again available and vegetative growth can resume.

Does hydrophilic mean polar or non polar? - Answer-Polar

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