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Colorado Pesticide Exam Turf: Turfgrass diseases – Questions & Correct Solutions
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Colorado Pesticide Exam Turf: Turfgrass diseases – Questions & Correct Solutions
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Colorado Pesticide Exam Turf: Turfgrass diseases –Questions & Correct Solutions
Plant disease Right Ans - malfunctioning of cells or tissues of the host plant
because of interaction with a pathogenic agent or environmental condition
that leads to development of symptoms
Systematic disease Right Ans - pathogen or the toxin produced by the
pathogen spreads internally throughout the plant
Localized disease Right Ans - lesions at the point of infection, multiple
lesions = multiple infections
Symptoms of disease Right Ans - visible expressions or reactions of a plant
because of disease (wilting, leaf spots, blights, stunting)
Signs of disease Right Ans - visible structures of the pathogen (mushrooms,
ooze)
Pathogens Right Ans - biotic entities that incite disease
Pathogen primary modes of reproduction Right Ans - particle replication,
fission, or spores (conidia)
Viruses and viroids Right Ans - particles made up of nucleic acid and
protein, disrupt and take over cell metabolism, induce cell to make more
particles
Vectors of viruses Right Ans - piercing-sucking mouthpart insects, infected
planting material, occasionally infested equipment
Symptoms of viral diseases Right Ans - mosaics, ringspots, distortions,
stunting, necrosis
Bacteria Right Ans - single-celled, microscopic organisms, have true cell
walls and multiply by binary fission
, Symptoms of bacterial diseases Right Ans - leaf spots, blights, cankers, soft
rot, wilt
Signs of bacterial diseases Right Ans - ooze
Phytoplasmas Right Ans - bacteria-like organisms enclosed by a membrane
rather than a true cell wall, found in plant phloem
Symptoms of phytoplasmal diseases Right Ans - witches' brooms,
distortions, general chlorosis, necrosis, leaf drop
Fungi Right Ans - multicellular organisms with filamentous vegetative
state, reproduce by spores (exception imperfect fungi)
Symptoms of fungal diseases Right Ans - leaf spots, distortions, stunting,
wilting, damping-off, blights, necrosis, rots, rusts
Signs of fungal diseases Right Ans - mushrooms, mycelium, sclerotia
Nematodes Right Ans - microscopic round worms, multicellular, have
complex systems, reproduce sexually via eggs, feed on roots, breakdown
genetic resistance opening way for other pathogens
Symptoms of nematodes Right Ans - root galls, poor growth, yellowing,
distortions, stunting
Signs of nematodes Right Ans - cysts
Parasitic higher plants Right Ans - true plants that reproduce by seed, most
have little or no chlorophyll so they obtain it by parasitizing other plants,
others have chlorophyll but no roots (water and nutrients from host)
Symptoms expressed by host of parasitic higher plants Right Ans -
stunting, decline, wilting, yellowing
Abiotic disorders Right Ans - caused by environmental factors that mimic
infectious diseases and insect damage, many are poorly understood and
difficult to diagnose
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