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NUR 331 Exam 1 Questions And Correct Answers
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NUR 331 Exam 1 Questions And Correct Answers6 rights of medication administration
1. Right medication
2. Right patient
3. Right dose
4. Right time
5. Right documentation
6. Right route
Tips for preventing med errors
-Use two forms of patient ID
-Check med label at least 3x prior to administration
-Explain to pt. which med you are administering and show it to them (sometimes they
know their own meds well and may stop you from handing them the wrong drug!)
-Waste high-alert drugs with someone else watching!
conversation/distraction while preparing meds
Safety : terminology, when not to crush PO meds, high alert meds, etc.
Look alike/sound alike drugs : part of why it is so important to scan meds and check
labels multiple times! Atenolol vs. albuterol; carvedilol vs. captopril ; epinephrine vs.
norepinephrine, etc.
Crushing: medications that should never be crushed include buccal, sublingual,
sustained-release and enteric-coated. Too much of the medication will be released into
the blood stream too quickly. This increases the risks of overdose/SEs and means there
could be a period of time where you won't be benefitting at all
High-alert: insulin, opiates and narcotics, injectable potassium chloride (phosphate),
,intravenous anti-coagulants (heparin, warfarin) and sodium chloride solutions above
0.9%
Mnemonic: Islands On Neptune, Pretty Cool Spot
Forms and routes: which routes work more quickly, less quickly?
Forms:
• Tablets/Capsules
• Liquids
• Transdermal
• Topicals
• Instillations (drops)
• Inhalations
• Nasogastric/Gastrostomy Tubes
• Suppositories
• Parenteral
Routes: IV, IM, SC, PR, PO, inhalation, transdermal
, IV most rapid onset, inhalation can also be quite rapid. Oral largely dependent on
first-pass effect, not as reliable. Don't have to worry as much about first-pass for rectal.
Transdermal avoids first-pass all together and is longacting but absorbed very slowly
Pharmacokinetics
study of how the body handles a drug that has been introduced into its system.
Absorption distribution, metabolism and excretion
Pharmacodynamics
what the drug does to the body. Potency, half-life, duration of action, etc.
Absorption
the movement of unmetabolized drug from administration site to body circulatory
system
Bioavailability
the degree to which a substance/drug becomes totally available to its intended
biological sites
Distribution
the reversible movement of a drug from one site in the body to another, via blood to
different tissues
Metabolism
the process of biotransformation-usually by enzymes-in which one chemical species is
changed into another
Excretion
excretion-the removal of drugs from the body, either as a metabolite or unchanged drug
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