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Radiation Safety Exam Questions and Answers Complete Solutions
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Radioactivity - Answer-Spontaneous process characteristic of atoms with unstable nuclei in which the nucleus releases energy either as a particle with kinetic energy or as electromagnetic energy Parent Isotope - Answer-Original isotope prior to radioactive decay Daughter Isotope - Answer-Isot...

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  • October 10, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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  • radiation safety exam questions and answers comple
  • radioactivity answer spontaneous process charact

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Radiation Safety Exam Questions and
Answers Complete Solutions
Radioactivity - Answer-Spontaneous process characteristic of atoms with unstable
nuclei in which the nucleus releases energy either as a particle with kinetic energy or as
electromagnetic energy

Parent Isotope - Answer-Original isotope prior to radioactive decay

Daughter Isotope - Answer-Isotope after the transformation

Radioactive Decay - Answer-Disintegration rate = decay rate = rate of radioactive decay

Used to indicate the "radioactivity" or the "activity"

Curie (Ci) - Answer--Unit of activity
-Amount of radioactive material having a disintegration rate of 3.70 X 10^10
disintegrations per second (dps)
-No information on the TYPE of radiation emitted during the radioactive decay

Becquerel (Bq) - Answer-SI unit of activity
1 Bq = 1 dps

Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) - Answer-Uses curie to denote activity levels

Half-Life - Answer-Corresponds to the time necessary for one half of the radioactive
atoms of a sample to decay

Fraction remaining = (1/2)^n

Radionuclide - Answer-Unstable nuclide; any specific combination of neutrons and
protons comprise a nuclide

3H - Answer-12.3 years

14C - Answer-5700 years

32P - Answer-14.3 days

35S - Answer-88 Days

125I - Answer-60 days

4 Types of Radioactive Decay - Answer-1) Alpha Decay

, 2) Beta Decay
3) Electron Capture
4) Isomeric Transition

Alpha Decay - Answer--Generally limited to isotopes of heavy elements
-A charged alpha particle, consisting of 2 protons and 2 neutrons, is ejected from the
nucleus with high KE (~4 MeV)
-Stopped by a few microns of tissue
-After emission of an alpha particle, the daughter atom may be in an excited level
-Resulting transition to the ground state is generally accompanied by emission of a
gamma ray

Gamma Ray - Answer-A photon of EM energy that is emitted from the nucleus of an
excited atom

Isotopes - Answer-Same atomic number (Z), different mass numbers (A)

Beta Decay - Answer--Emission of an electron from the nucleus
-Electron can be negatively charged (beta particle--ordinary electron) OR a positively
charged positron

Simple Beta-Decay - Answer--Daughter nucleus is at the ground state after the decay
-Only particle emitted is a beta particle
-14C, 3H tritium, 32P, 35S

Excited Isomeric State - Answer-Subsequent emission from the nucleus of a photon of
EM radiation= gamma ray

Electron Capture - Answer-Unstable nucleus of certain isotopes can convert a proton to
a neutron (an orbital electron is captured while passing through the nucleus of these
unstable nuclei and the electron combines with a nuclear proton to yield a neutron)

Rearrangement of orbital electrons is generally accompanied by the emission of
characteristic x-rays

If the decay leaves daughter at an excited level gamma rays are likely to be emitted in
subsequent transitions

51Cr, 125I

Isomeric transition - Answer-Excited levels and ground state level of a radionuclide only
differ in nuclear energy content

Various energy levels are called nuclear "isomers" and the transitions between them are
isomeric transitions

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