Cognitive Final Exam – Inquizitive UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
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Cognitive Final Exam – Inquizitive
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Statements that are true about influences on parsing - CORRECT ANSWER- People
usually seek the simplest phrase structures
Background knowledge guides how people parse sentences
Function words signal syntacti...
Cognitive Final Exam – Inquizitive
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Statements that are true about influences on parsing - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔People
usually seek the simplest phrase structures
Background knowledge guides how people parse sentences
Function words signal syntactic roles in sentences
The capacity to create an endless series of new combinations from a small set of fundamental
units in a language is referred to as _____________. - CORRECT ANSWER-
✔✔Generatively (New words that arise within a language (selfie, mansplain) are possible
because of the generatively of language
Select the sentences that violate English syntax. - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔He placed on
the counter. (A verb like placed requires an object in English)
He slept the apple on the counter. (A verb like slept does not take an object in English) --
The syntax of a language is the set of rules that govern the sentences and combinations of
words in the formation of phrases and sentences.
Sentences - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Coherent sequences of words that express an
intended meaning
Phonemes - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Smallest units of sound that distinguish words in a
language
Morphemes - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Smallest language units that carry meaning
,Molly (an English speaker) and Aiko (a Japanese speaker) are setting up Molly's house for a
birthday party. Their friend Brent walks in with balloons. When he sets them down, a couple
of them hit against the nearby ceiling fan and pop.
How are Molly and Aiko each likely to describe this balloon-popping event? Who is most
likely to remember that Brent was involved? - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Molly - Most
likely to remember that Brent was involved (Japanese speakers are less likely than English
speakers to remember the person who triggered the accident)
Brent popped the balloons! (English speakers tend to use active-voice sentences that name
the agent of the action (accidental or not).
Aiko - The balloons popped! (When describing an accident, Japanese speakers tend not to
name the agent of the action)
The language you hear often guides what you pay attention to, and what you pay attention to
shapes your thinking
______ refers to the pattern of pauses and pitch changes that characterize speech production -
CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Prosody (Prosody can be used to emphasize elements of a spoken
sentence, to highlight the sentence's intended structure, and to signal the difference between a
question and assertion)
"Colorless green ideas sleep furiously."—Noam Chomsky
What does this quote by Noam Chomsky tell us about the rules of syntax in language? -
CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Syntax is not sufficient to convey semantics (Although this
sentence follows the rules of English syntax, it is meaningless)
You're speaking with Kwame, an international student who is visiting the United States for
the year. What do you probably need to change about your speech to make communication
easier? - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Syntax
Vocabulary
Prosody
, Language training is more successful with animals that are very similar to humans
genetically. - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔True
Animal language is not naturally occurring, but it can be taught - CORRECT ANSWER-
✔✔False
Some animal species have sophisticated language systems - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔False
Some animal species have sophisticated communication systems - CORRECT ANSWER-
✔✔True
People parse sentences _____ they hear the sentence being spoken - CORRECT ANSWER-
✔✔While
Which of these conversations depends on having established common ground to fill in gaps
in the dialogue? - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Tammy: "I'm leaving you"
Eric: "Who is he?"
(Speakers routinely skip past points they regard as obvious and count on the listener to fill in
the bits that aren't overtly expressed. Eric does not ask for additional information because he
can draw on background knowledge about romance)
What can we conclude from documented cases of "wolf children" about human language
learning and capacity? - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Language learning may depend on nature
and nurture components (Humans seem to have an innate ability to learn language, but we
may not be able to if we have no one with whom to communicate)
Free Morpheme (units that can stand alone; they usually refer to specific objects, ideas, or
actions) - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔"Umpire"
"the"
Not a Morpheme - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔"Cats" (Can be broken down into 2
morphemes - cat and -s
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