Critical Thinking and Logic WGU C168 Exam/ Real Exam
Questions with Correct Verified Answers/ Rated A+
What is the goal of critical thinking? - ANS - to brings one's best thinking to bear in every realm of one's
lief and in any set of circumstance
What are some impediments to sound thinking? - ANS - * generalizations
* stereotyping
* fixed vantage point
* forming false beliefs
* dismiss views conflicting w/own
* deceptive thought
What is egocentrism? - ANS - the tendency to view everything in relationship to oneself
What is sociocentrism? - ANS - the assumption that one's own social group is inherently superior to all
others
What is false information that is mistakenly believed to be true and acted upon? - ANS - Activated
Ignorance
What is claiming to speak with the "voice of experience" in support of an argument (even when that
experience may not be relevant) called? - ANS - Appeal to experience fallacy
What is refusing to admit contradictions or inconsistencies when making argument or defending a
position? - ANS - Denying inconsistencies fallacy
What is a logical process of drawing conclusions? - ANS - Inference
, 2
What is the unstated or hidden beliefs that support our explicit reasoning about something called? - ANS
- Assumptions
What is assuming only two alternatives when, in reality, there are more than two called? - ANS - Either-
or fallacy
What is citing a threat or possibility of a frightening outcome as the reason for supporting an argument
called? - ANS - Appeal to fear fallacy
What will a well-cultivated critical thinker do? - ANS - * raise vital questions
* gather / assess relevant info
* reach well-reasoned conclusion
* think open-mindedly
* communicate effectively
What is first order thinking? (ordinary thinking) - ANS - * Spontaneous and non-reflective
* Contains insight, prejudice, good and bad reasoning
* Indiscriminately combined
What is second order thinking? (critical thinking) - ANS - first-order thinking that is consciously realized
(analyzed, assessed, and reconstructed)
What is weak-sense critical thinking? - ANS - ignore flaws in own thinking and often seek to "win"
through intellectual trickery or deceipt
What is strong-sense critical thinking? - ANS - defined by a consistent pursuit of what is intellectually fair
and just.
Ethical, empathetic, reasonable, able to change opinion
, 3
What is it to be fair-minded? - ANS - to bring an unbiased and unprejudiced perspective to all viewpoints
relevant to a situation
What is it to be intellectually unfair? - ANS - no responsibility to represent differing viewpoints
always see yourself as right and just
self-deceptive
What are characteristics of intellectual humility? (trait of critical thinker) - ANS - * discover one's own
ignorance on any issue
* don't / can't know everything
* conscious of one's bias / prejudice
* aware of limitations of one's viewpoint
* only claim what you know
*egocentrism is self-deceiving
What are characteristics of intellectual courage? (trait of critical thinker) - ANS - * confront ideas /
viewpoints even when uncomfortable
* fairness toward beliefs where there is negativity or has already been dismissed
* challenge popular belief
What are characteristics of intellectual empathy? (trait of critical thinker) - ANS - * inhabit the
perspective of others in order to understand them
* reconstruct other viewpoints and reasoning
* ability to reason from premises and ideas not your own
* motivation to be wrong when you had strong conviction you were right
What 3 functions does the mind perform? - ANS - Thinking, feeling, wanting
Why is the interrelationship among thoughts, feelings, and wanting (motivation) crucial to a critical
thinker? - ANS - recognize every feeling motivates an action and you can analyze the thinking that
underlies the emotion and want.
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