Exam (elaborations)
PN 103 TEST 4 LATEST UPDATED
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PN 103 TEST 4 LATEST UPDATED...
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Direct contact - ANSWER (kissing, sex, oral secretions, body lesions)Indirect contact - ANSWER (contaminated surfaces called fomites such
as door knobs, handles, handrails, tables, chairs, bathroom surfaces,
dishes, pens, pencils, and toys)
Droplet - ANSWER cough, sneeze, talk; large and quickly settle out of
the air - face masks and goggles
Airborne - ANSWER droplet nuclei or dust particles remain suspended
for longer periods (TB, Chickenpox, Measles)
Faecal-oral - ANSWER ingest contaminant, multiply in GI tract, shed in
faeces (food storage, cooking, handwashing, sewage, surfaces)
Vector-borne - ANSWER animals; examples: flies, mites, fleas,
mosquitoes through bite or faeces.
Tuberculosis - ANSWER Infectious disease caused by the bacteria
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
TB is a leading killer of - ANSWER people who are HIV infected.
TB exposure - ANSWER droplet transmitted by cough or sneeze and
inhaled
TB incubation - ANSWER from infection to symptoms (positive skin
reaction) is 2 to 12 weeks
TB Quarantine/isolation - ANSWER AFB isolation until 3 consecutive
negative sputum smears collected in 8 to 24 hour interval; receive
treatment; demonstrate clinical improvement
TB Latent Disease - ANSWER may remain inactive for decades
, TB Active Disease - ANSWER have signs and symptoms
Chronic TB - ANSWER Inhalation of tubercle bacillus (Mycobacterium
tuberculosis)
Macrophages - ANSWER engulf bacterium and wall off forming
tubercles.
Diagnosing Tb 1 - ANSWER Mantoux tuberculin skin test (2-3 days
waiting period)
Diagnosing Tb 2 - ANSWER QuantiFERON-TB Gold Test (greater
specificity; 24 hour waiting period);
"gold standard"; tests latent disease
Diagnosing Tb 3 - ANSWER Chest x-ray film
Acid-fast bacilli smear 3 of sputum
Drug resistant TB - ANSWER All cases must be reported to:
Local health department
OSHA
Data to be Collected - ANSWER Close contact with someone with the
disease
Poorly ventilated, crowded living quarters
Recent travel to areas with high TB incidence
Family members of those with TB should be screened
Signs and Symptoms of Tuberculosis - ANSWER Fever
Weight loss; weakness
Productive cough; hemoptysis
Chills; night sweats
Chest X-ray
AFB Smear, C&S
Mantoux Test
Quantiferon TB: gold standard for TB testing
Bronchoscopy and biopsy
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