microorganisms correct answers microscopic forms of life (too small to see with naked eye) eg. (single cell) bacteria, archea, fungi, protozoa, algae
viruses correct answers not living, microscopic; they use biological machinery borrowed from host to replicate (can cause infectious disease)
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BIOL 240: Topic 1 || WELL-ENLIGHTENED.
microorganisms correct answers microscopic forms of life (too small to see with naked eye)
eg. (single cell) bacteria, archea, fungi, protozoa, algae
viruses correct answers not living, microscopic; they use biological machinery borrowed
from host to replicate (can cause infectious disease)
microbes correct answers microorganisms and viruses
metabolism correct answers controlled set of chemical reactions that extract energy and
nutrients from the environment and transform them into new biological material
growth correct answers increase in the mass of biological material
Features that living organisms share: correct answers 1. genetic variation
2. response to external stimuli and adaption to local environment
3. Homeostasis- active regulation of internal environment to maintain constancy
What percentage of a cell's dry weight is made up of macromolecule? correct answers 90%
Four major types of macromolecules: correct answers 1. Polypeptide (protein)
2. Nucleic Acid (DNA)
3. Lipid (hydrophobic hydrocarbon)
4. Polysaccharide
phylogeny correct answers evolutionary history of a species
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) correct answers technique that allows molecular biologists
to make many copies of a particular gene
True or False: A virus has a metabolism and takes up many nutrients and extracts energy
from its environment. correct answers False- A virus has no metabolism and takes up no
nutrients and doesn't extract energy from its environment
What does microorganisms include? correct answers - archaea
- eukaryotes
- bacteria
What does the term microbe include? correct answers - archaea
- eukaryotes
- bacteria
- VIRUSES
What percent of a cell is polypeptide? correct answers 50-55% dry weight
What percent of a cell is nucleic acid (DNA/RNA)? correct answers 2-5% DNA dry weight
15-20% RNA dry weight
What percent of a cell is nucleic acid is lipid? correct answers 10% dry weight
, What percent of a cell is polysaccharide? correct answers 6-7% dry weight
What did Robert Hooke figure out how to do? correct answers He figured out how to take
glass and work it into a lens and out it into his compound microscope.
Who was the first person to see a microorganism through a microscope? correct answers
Robert Hooke
Who was the father of microbiology? correct answers Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
What kind of things was Antonie van Leeuwenhoek able to look at through his microscope?
correct answers sperm, muscle fiber, plaque (from teeth)
What was the magnification of Antonie van Leeuwenhoek's microscope? correct answers
200x
Why do we study microbiology? correct answers - these are the first organisms on the planet
- learn something about our history
- oxygen comes from microbial activity over time
- over 50% of the biomass on Earth is comprised of microorganisms
- they will be on earth forever
What is so appealing about microbiology? correct answers - fast, cheap, and easy to grow
- produce enzymes and other molecules for industrial/medical uses
- most have small numbers of genes, which makes them simple to study
- genetic manipulation of single-celled bacteria is usually much easier than multicellular
eukarya
What would happen if we got rid of microorganisms all together? correct answers - In a few
hundred years, the stores of oxygen would be depleted our activities
- Can't harvest energy and vitamins from food
- Easy weight loss
- Crop issues
- Nitrogen cycle
- Organism stop decaying
- Can't make beer, wine, cheese
- No more disease (hospital empty)
- Drugs can't be made because they are produced by microbes
- Civil war, and anarchy when people start fighting over what remains
What are microorganism in soils, water and your body doing? correct answers - eating
- reproducing
- surviving
- getting rid of waste
- warfare
- very customized and effective communication system
What is "The Basis for Life"? correct answers - metabolism
- growth
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