Exam (elaborations)
GLBH 20- FINAL REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024
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GLBH 20- FINAL REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024
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GLBH 20- FINAL REVIEWDiscussion of Keolu Fox's TED talk - ANSWERS-Keolu Fox discusses injustices and
inequities in the intersection of research science, with a focus on genetics, and
indigenous populations.
How did researchers violate the trust and rights of the Havasupai? What were the
consequences (monetary, administrative, and social)?
- Conducted research on other studies without their consent
- Havasupai became more reluctant in participating in research
- Havasupai received monetary compensation after suing ASU
What percentage (approximately) of genetic research is done on people of
European descent? What percentage (approximately) is done on indigenous
people? What are the arguments for changing this?
- European -> 96%
- Indigeous -> less than 1%
- Arguments -> lots of genetic variation in the world
What are some tactics for expanding the kind of science that gets done?
- Including the communities that are underrepresented and having an active role
in the research process
,The Longue Durée of Black Lives Matter - ANSWERS-Ida. B. Wells (1862-1931),
journalist and anti-lynching activist
- Recorded how lynching was a systematic form of racism and was more than just
individual racism
Fannie Lou Hamer (1917-1977) and the "Mississippi appendectomy" (sterilization)
- Nonconsensual sterilization of black women by white doctors
Black Panther Party (BPP, founded in Oakland 1966)
- Free breakfast for children (helped inspire free breakfast programs across public
schools which is still in place today)
- People's free medical clinic -> first aid and essential services, volunteer medical
professionals worked alongside and trains members, patient advocates, education
and screening for sickle cell anemia
- "The BPP's health activism extended a long history of struggle against forms of
oppression that act on Black bodies with impunity in such ways as to hamper
flourishing, do harm, or make die" - Alondra Nelson
Black Lives Matter (2013) and Movement for Black Lives (2015)
A Herstory of the #BlackLivesMatter movement - ANSWERS-- #BlackLivesMatter
created by Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, and Opal Tometi in 2013 after the
murder of Trayvon Martin
- "Black Lives Matter is an ideological and political intervention in a world where
Black lives are systematically and intentionally targeted for demise" - Alicia Garza
,- Acknowledgement of poverty and genocide as state violence
- Active solidarity across groups
Structural violence - ANSWERS-"Structural violence is one way of describing social
arrangements that put individuals and populations in harm's way... The
arrangements are structural because they are EMBEDDED IN THE POLITICAL AND
ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION of our social world; they are violent because they
cause injury to people"
- Farmer et al. 2006
Structural vulnerability - ANSWERS-The risk that an individual experiences as a
result of structural violence, including their location in multiple socio economic
hierarchies. Structural vulnerability is not caused by, nor can it be repaired solely
by, individual agency or behaviors
Structural competency - ANSWERS-"A shift in medical education... toward
attention to forces that influence health outcomes at levels above individual
interactions" - Metzl and Hansen 2014
The capacity for health professionals to recognize and respond to health and
illness as the downstream effects of broad social, political, and economic
structures
Develop trainees' capacity in the following five areas:
1. Recognizing the influences of structures on patient health
, 2. Recognizing the influences of structures on the practice of healthcare
3. Responding to the influences of structures in the clinic
4. Responding to the influences of structures beyond the clinic
5. Structural humility- Building on cultural humility
Structural humility - ANSWERS-Structural humility cautions providers against
making assumptions about the role of structures of patients' lives, instead
encouraging collaboration with patients and communities in developing
understanding of and responses to structural vulnerability
- Based on talk by Helena Hansen, April 2015
Naturalizing inequality - ANSWERS-The sometimes subtle, sometimes explicit,
ways that structural violence is overlooked
Often through claims of cultural difference, behavioral shortcomings, or racial
categories... which distract from the structural causes of harm
- Naturalizing inequality -> "just the way it is"
Operates through implicit frameworks (focusing on any of the following INSTEAD
of the influence of structures):
- Culture
- Individual behavior/choices
- Biology/ genetics
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