nu545 chapter 7 exam questions with complete solut
Written for
NU545
All documents for this subject (17)
Seller
Follow
LIXAN
Reviews received
Content preview
NU545 CHAPTER 7 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE
Types of immunity
- Innate resistance: Natural barriers and the inflammatory response
- Adaptive (acquired) immunity
Lines of defense
- First line: Natural barriers: physical, mechanical and biochemical
- Second line: Inflammation
- Third line: Adaptive (acquired) immunity
First line of defense: Physical and mechanical barriers
- Skin and low temp/pH of skin
- Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts
•Highly interconnected junctions
•Sloughing off of cells
•Coughing and sneezing
•"Washing"
•Vomiting
•Urinating
•Mucus and cilia
First line of defense: Biochemical barriers
,- Synthesize and secrete substances to trap or destroy microorganisms (Antibacterial peptides in mucus,
perspiration (sweat), saliva, tears, and earwax)
- Antimicrobial peptides (Cathelicidins, defensins (α defensins in neutrophil granules and β defensins),
and collectins (lungs))
- Normal microbiome (Inhibits colonization by pathogens; releases chemicals that prevent infection)
•Vaginal: Lactobacillus
•Intestinal: Ammonia, phenols, and indoles
Second line of defense: Inflammation
- Cellular and chemical components
- Nonspecific: Takes place in approximately the same way, regardless of the type of stimulus or whether
exposure to the same stimulus has occurred in the past.
- Rapidly initiated
- No memory cells
Second line of defense: Inflammation - Causes
Infection, mechanical damage, ischemia, nutrient deprivation, temperature extremes, and radiation
Second line of defense: Inflammation - Cardinal signs
Redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function
Second line of defense: Inflammation - Vascular response
Blood vessel dilation, increased vascular permeability and leakage, white blood cell (WBC) adherence to
the inner walls of the vessels, and migration through the vessels (diapedesis)
, Second line of defense: Inflammation - Once in the tissues, the cells and chemicals associated with the
inflammatory response, do what?
- prevent and limit infection and further damage.
- limit and control the inflammatory process.
- interact with components of the adaptive immune system.
- prepare the area of injury for healing
Protein systems that provide a biochemical barrier against invading pathogens are the:
- complement system.
- clotting system.
- kinin system.
Plasma protein systems all contain:
- inactive enzymes (proenzymes).
- Sequentially activated-cascade
a. First proenzyme is converted to an active enzyme.
b. The activation of the first component of a system results in sequential activation of other components
Complement system
- Can destroy pathogens directly
- Activates or collaborates with every other component of the inflammatory response
Complement system: Pathways
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller LIXAN. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
