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NU-545 UNIT 2 STUDY GUIDE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

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NU-545 UNIT 2 STUDY GUIDE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS What are the 3 major structural divisions of the brain? p.440 1- Forebrain 2- Midbrain 3-Hindbrain What is the brainstem comprised of? p. 440 Midbrain, medulla, pons What connects the hemispheres of the brain, cere...

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  • October 10, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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NU-545 UNIT 2 STUDY GUIDE EXAM QUESTIONS

AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What are the 3 major structural divisions of the brain? p.440


1- Forebrain

2- Midbrain

3-Hindbrain


What is the brainstem comprised of? p. 440


Midbrain, medulla, pons


What connects the hemispheres of the brain, cerebellum, spinal cord? p. 440


Brainstem


What 2 parts make up the Forebrain? p. 441


Telencephalon & Diencephalon


Consist of the cerebral cortex (the largest portion of the brain) & basal ganglia cerebral hemispheres,

& rhinencephalon (olfaction)


Telencephalon p. 440


Outer layer of the cerebral cortex. It is organized into columns perpendicular to the surface that

receive, integrate, store, and transmit information.


Grey Matter p. 441


Lies beneath the cerebral cortex and is composed of myelinated nerve fibers (Axons)

,White Matter p. 441


2 cerebral hemispheres are separated by a deep groove known as what?


Longitudinal Fissure P. 441


What is responsible for goal-oriented behavior (ability to concentrate), short term recall memory,

elaboration of thought and inhibition on the limbic (emotional) areas of the CNS?


Prefrontal area p. 441


What area of the brain is involved in programming motor movements?


Premotor area (Brodmann area 6) p. 441


Which area of the brain controls eye movements?


Frontal eye fields (lower portion of brodmann area 8) p. 442


Which area of the brain has a somatotopic organization that often is referred to as a homunculus (little

man)? Electrical stimulation of specific areas of this cortex causes specific muscles of the body to move


Primary Motor area (Brodmann area 4) p. 442


Located in the inferior frontal lobe is an important center for speech and language processing?


Broca area p. 442


Injury to this area results in difficulty forming or inability to form words


Broca Area p. 442


This lobe contains major area for somatic sensory input


Parietal lobe p. 442

,Primary visual cortex is located in this region and receives input from the retinas


Occipital Lobe p. 442


Composed of the superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyri. Primary auditory complex


Temporal lobe p. 443


This area is responsible for reception and interpretation of speech, sensory speech area. Damage to

this area may result in aphasia or dysphagia.


Wernicke area p. 444


This area processes Sensory and emotional information and routes information to other parts of the

brain


Insula (Insular lobe) p. 444


Important for coordination of voluntary movement and cognitive and emotional functions


The nuclei of the basal ganglia p. 445


Part of the motor control system that causes involuntary reflexes and has a stabilizing effect on motor

control


Extrapyramidal system p. 446


Mediates emotion and long-term memory through connections in the prefrontal cortex. Primitive

behavioral responses, viceral reaction to emotion, motivation, mood, feeding behaviors, biologic

rhythms, and sense of smell.


Limbic system p. 446

, Function is to maintain a constant internal environment and implement behavioral patterns. Regulate

temperature, endocrine function, and adjust emotional expression


Hypothalamus p. 446


Involved in voluntary and involuntary visual motor movements (ability of the eyes to tract objects)


Superior Colliculi p. 446


Involve movements affecting the auditory system (positioning head to improve hearing)


Inferior Colliculi p. 447


Dysfunction of the _____ in the _______ is associated with parkinson disease and schizophrenia.


1- Dopaminergic Neurons

2- substantia nigra


The 2 major structures of the metencephalon (part of hindbrain)


Cerbellum and pons


Responsible for reflexive, involuntary fine tuning of motor control and for maintaining balance and

posture


Cerebellum p. 447


This area has ipsilateral (same side) control of the body


Cerebellum p. 447


This area has contralateral (opposite side) control of the body


Cerebral cortex p. 447

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