EMT Module 4
hyperthermia - correct answer Abnormally high body temperature
hypothermia - correct answer abnormally low body temperature
environmental emergency - correct answer a medical condition caused or exacerbated by the
weather, terrain, atmospheric pressure, or other local factors.
core temperature - correct answer The temperature of the central part of the body (eg, the
heart, lungs, and vital organs).
frostbite - correct answer damage to the skin and tissues caused by extreme cold
dysbarism injury - correct answer injury from pressure change (diving, skydiving)
thermoregulation - correct answer Process of maintaining an internal temperature within a
tolerable range.
thermogenesis - correct answer generation of heat
thermolysis - correct answer Process that destroys the hair by coagulating the papilla through
heat
What happens to the body in a hot environment - correct answer hypothalamus stimulated
blood vessels dialate - maximizing heat loss from skin
body sweats
what happens to the body in a cold environment - correct answer hypothalamus stimulated
blood vessels constrict - minimizing heat loss from skin
body shivers and gains goosebumps
conduction - correct answer The direct transfer of heat from one substance to another
substance that it is touching.
convection - correct answer The transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid
immersion foot - correct answer A condition that occurs after prolonged exposure to cold
water, in which the skin of the foot is pale, cold, and there is a loss of sensation; also called
trench foot.
frostnip - correct answer the superficial local tissue destruction caused by freezing; it is limited
in scope and does not destroy the full thickness of skin
gangrene - correct answer death of tissue caused by loss of blood supply followed by bacterial
invasion
Should we give a hypothermic pt stimulants? - correct answer not if really really necessary
,EMT Module 4
9. The rule of thumb for EMS when considering resuscitation of a severely hypothermic patient
is, "You're not dead until you're _________ and _________." - correct answer warm and dead
Should you rewarm a pt if there is a chance they may freeze again later? - correct answer no
that increases amputation and gangrene chances
heat cramps - correct answer muscle spasms that result from a loss of large amounts of salt
and water through perspiration
heat loss - correct answer radiation, conduction, convection, evaporation
heat exhaustion - correct answer a form of physical stress on the body caused by overheating
radiation - correct answer Energy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of rays or waves
or particles.
heatstroke - correct answer a dangerous condition in which the body loses its ability to cool
itself through perspiration
drowning - correct answer The process of experiencing respiratory impairment from
submersion or immersion in liquid.
laryngospasm - correct answer the sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx
diving reflex - correct answer Slowing of the heart rate caused by submersion in cold water.
barotrauma - correct answer Injury caused by pressure to enclosed body surfaces, for example
from too much pressure in the lungs.
air embolism - correct answer The presence of air in the veins, which can lead to cardiac arrest
if it enters the heart.
barotrauma - correct answer Injury caused by pressure to enclosed body surfaces, for example
from too much pressure in the lungs.
nitrogen narcosis - correct answer a physiological condition caused by an increased partial
pressure of nitrogen, resulting in symptoms similar to those of intoxication
POPS - correct answer Pulmonary Over Pressurization System
Pulmonary over pressurization syndrome - correct answer ■ Diver fails to exhale during ascent
(pressure increases)
■ Causes
● Pneumothorax
● Mediastinal/subcutaneous emphysema
● Alveolar hemorrhage
,EMT Module 4
● AGE (Arterial Gas Embolism)
■ Signs and Symptoms
● Full sensation in throat
● Pain on swelling
● Dyspnea
● Substernal chest pain
■ Management - Depends if AGE present, 100% O2 via NRB, supportive care, transport ot
hyperbaric chamber
decompression sickness - correct answer A condition resulting from nitrogen trapped in the
body's tissues caused by coming up too quickly from a deep, prolonged dive. A symptom of
decompression sickness is "the bends" or deep pain in the muscles and joints.
breath-hold syndrome - correct answer loss of consciousness caused by decreased stimulus for
breathing
high altitude pulmonary edema - correct answer Delayed onset of symptoms-usually
developing on 2nd or 3rd night after working strenuously for 1-2 days, Dyspnea and SOB (after
significant rest), Crackles, fatigue, tachypnea, tachycardia at rest, hypotension
high altitude cerebral edema - correct answer Most severe form of acute high-altitude illness.
Characterized by a progression of global cerebral signs in the presence of acute mountain
sickness.
lightning injury - correct answer Injury by the multiple effects of very short duration, very high
voltage direct current on the body. The most serious effect is cardiac and respiratory arrest.
reverse triage - correct answer A triage process used in treating multiple victims of a lightning
strike, in which efforts are focused on those who are in respiratory and cardiac arrest. Reverse
triage is different from conventional triage where such patients would be classified as
deceased.
antivenom - correct answer an antiserum containing antibodies against reptile or insect venom
hymenoptera - correct answer A family of insects that includes bees, wasps, ants, and yellow
jackets.
envenomination - correct answer Venom injection and a bite might be "dry" meaning no
venom has injected.
black widow bites are neurotoxic or cytotoxic - correct answer neurotoxic
brown recluse spider bites are neurotoxic or cytotoxic - correct answer cytotoxic
, EMT Module 4
turgor - correct answer Elasticity of the skin
radiation - correct answer Energy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of rays or waves
or particles.
evaporation - correct answer perspiration
chilblains - correct answer inflammation of the hands and feet caused by exposure to cold and
moisture
wind chill - correct answer chilling caused by convection of heat from the body in the presence
of air currents
only way to get core temperature ASAP is via a - correct answer rectal thermometer
can you shiver in severe hypothermia - correct answer no!
mild hypothermia s/s - correct answer -90-95°F.
-Shivering
-altertness, responds appropriately
mild hypothermia treatment - correct answer passive rewarming
give warm fluids
moderate/severe hypothermia s/s - correct answer Not shivering, cold skin, depressed vital
signs, impaired mental function, slurred speech, gross motor skill impairment
moderate/severe hypothermia treatment - correct answer active rewarming is best done in
the ER
rewarming extremities can cause over vasodilation which is not ideal
What non-weather effects could result in hypothermia - correct answer trauma
alcohol overdose
drug overdose
frostnip treatment - correct answer Consider active rewarming.
- Contact with warm object may reverse condition.
heat exhaustion s/s - correct answer --dizziness
--weakness
--nausea
--headache
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