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PN 103 Test 4 | Questions Solved 100% Correct| Verified Answers
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PN 103 Test 4 | Questions Solved 100% Correct| Verified Answers
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PN 103 Test 4 | Questions Solved 100% Correct|Verified Answers
Oral cholecystogram (OCG) - ✔✔provides roentgenographic visualization of the gallbladder
after the oral ingestion of a radiopaque dye
Serum protein test - ✔✔Total protein: 6.4-8.3 g/dL
Albumin: 3.5-5 g/dL
Globulin: 2.3-3.4 g/dL
Albumin/globulin ratio: 1.2-2.2 g/dL
Diagnostic Tests and Labs for hepatitis 2 - ✔✔Serum bilirubin test
Direct bilirubin: 0.1-0.4 mg/dL
Indirect bilirubin: 0.2-0.8 mg/dL
Total bilirubin: 0.3-1.2 mg/dL
Liver enzymes elevated - ✔✔AST
ALT
LDH
Alkaline phosphatase
GGT
Nursing interventions for liver biopsy - ✔✔monitor puncture site of liver biopsy for bleeding
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography of the pancreatic duct (ERCP) -
✔✔Involves inserting a fiberoptic duodenoscope through the oral pharynx, through the
esophagus and the stomach, and into the duodenum and injecting dye
Nursing interventions for (ERCP) - ✔✔keep patient NPO prior to exam, check PT/INR level,
instruct patient that exam takes 1-2 hours; after exam, keep patient NPO until gag reflex
returns, assess for pancreatitis, monitor vital signs
Medical Management for hep - ✔✔Bedrest for several weeks, Antiretroviral meds, Vaccines
available for Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B
Liver Transplantation
Antiretroviral meds - ✔✔use multiple drug "cocktail"
, reduce viral load, decrease progression of the disease
No alcohol
Small, frequent meals of low fat, high carbohydrate
Gammaglobulin/immune globulin
Nursing Interventions for hep - ✔✔Blood Clotting precautions
Strict standard precautions
Diet high in carbs and low fat
Monitor I and O, Nausea and Vomiting, Daily Weights
Increased fluid intake of 2500 to 3000 mL/day
Teach family S/S of problems
Check effectiveness of hep treatments - ✔✔Improving Labs
Recovery from Hep A is high
Mortality from Hep B is as high as 10%
Can develop liver cancer
May develop liver abcesses
May need a liver transplant
Recovery from acute toxic hepatitis is rapid if hepatotoxin is ID early and removed.
Pancreatitis - ✔✔is an inflammatory condition of the pancreas that may be acute or chronic.
The exact cause of pancreatitis remains unknown
Many predisposing factors of Pancreatitis - ✔✔alcohol abuse, trauma, infectious disease, or
drugs
the two factors most commonly associated with pancreatitis - ✔✔Alcoholism and biliary
tract disease are
May develop from occlusion of the pancreatic duct - ✔✔pancreatic enzymes build up and
start to digest the pancreas
Objective signs of Pancreatitis - ✔✔Low grade fever
Leukocytosis
Hypotension
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