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NURS 615 EXAM 1 QUESTINS AND ANSWERS
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NURS 615 EXAM 1 QUESTINS AND ANSWERS
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NURS 615 EXAM 1 QUESTINS AND ANSWERSWhat does the Prescription Drug Marketing Act do? - Answers-- protects the American
consumer from ineffective drugs
- affects the receipt and dispensing of sample drugs
- forbids foreign countries from reimporting prescription drugs
- bans the sale/trade/purchase of drug samples
What must be done prior to prescribing? - Answers-a complete patient history and
physical examination
If you are an adult/geriatric nurse practitioner, is it illegal to prescribe medications for a 2
year old? - Answers-No. However, it is outside the scope of practice.
What is the process for prescribing? - Answers-- Assess (pt history, physical exam,
pertinent test results)
- diagnose
- review patho (pathophysiology, pharmacotherapeutics, pharmacokinetics, drug
interactions)
- select 1st line therapy
- evaluate pt response (set goals, give timeframe)
- if successful - maintain therapy
- if unsuccessful - go to 2nd line therapy, etc.
What is biotransformation? - Answers-metabolism
passive diffusion - Answers-drugs dissolve, cross the cell membrane following the
concentration gradient
How do most drugs cross the cell membrane? - Answers-via passive diffusion
Name factors that affect the drug's ability to cross the cell membrane via passive
diffusion. - Answers-- size of drug molecule
- lipid solubility
- polarity of the drug or molecule
- degree of ionization
Name 3 characteristics of drugs that will be transported via passive diffusion - Answers--
small
- predominately lipid soluble
- uncharged
active transport - Answers-- carrier mediated
- moves against the concentration gradient
- requires energy
,What is pharmacology? - Answers-the study of drugs and their actions
What is the pKa of a drug? - Answers-the pH at which half the molecules are ionized
and half are unionized.
*a strong acid will have a pKa of less than zero
What does the ionization of drugs tell us? - Answers-whether the drug has the ability
(how readily it is able) to cross membranes/barriers
What is the pH of most drugs? - Answers-weak acids or weak bases
What is the degree of ionization of a drug determined by? - Answers-pH and pKa
What form of a drug can pass through membranes via passive diffusion? - Answers-
unionized forms
What needs to be included on a prescription? - Answers-drug name, route and strength
of medication, signa, prescribers signature/license number, date, pt
name/address/DOB, prescribers name/address/phone number, substitutions allowed
I Can PresCribE A Drug mnemonic - Answers-Indication
Contraindications
Precautions
Cost/Compliance
Efficacy
Adverse effects
Dose/Duration/Direction
explain the 3 phases of drug testing - Answers-phase 1- studies potential drugs on
healthy humans
phase 2 studies potential drugs on pt with the disease the drug is designed to treat
phase 3-clinical setting to determine any unanticipated effects or lack of effectiveness
Signa - Answers-directions for medication administration
pharmacokinetics - Answers-study of drug movement into, within, and out of the body.
What the body does to the drug.
includes absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
What does unionized vs ionized mean? - Answers-unionized = not charged
ionized = charged
Is the environment of the stomach more acidic or basic? - Answers-acidic
Is the environment of the intestines more acidic or basic? - Answers-basic
, What is the pKa of aspirin?
Is it a weak or strong acid? - Answers-4.5, weak
What is the Henderson-Hasselbach equation? - Answers-calculates the pKa of a drug
unionized drugs are also (water or lipid) soluble - Answers-lipid
Where is aspirin most likely to cross the cell membrane? - Answers-stomach because it
is acidic and unionized or lipid soluble drugs can cross the the cell membrane via
passive diffusion
Where is a drug that is a weak base (weak pH) more likely to cross the cell membrane?
- Answers-intestines
What does active transport use for energy? - Answers-ATP
In relation to active transport, what is specific for each molecule? - Answers-carrier
proteins.
each drug that is transported via active transport has their own specific carrier protein
that helps the drug move into the cell
What is absorption? - Answers-the transfer of a drug from its administration site to the
blood stream
How does most absorption occur? via active transport or passive diffusion? - Answers-
passive diffusion
What are 4 factors that affect absorption? - Answers-- route of administration
- drug properties (pH, polarity, lipid solubility, tablet, suspension, solution, etc)
- total surface area available for absorption
- contact time with absorption surface
Does absorption occur when giving medication via IV? - Answers-not really because it is
being given directly to the bloodstream
What does the route of drug administration affect in terms of absorption? - Answers-
speed and predictability.
For example - IM or subQ routes have higher predictability of absorption than PO routes
d/t first pass metabolism
first pass metabolism - Answers-drug is metabolized in the liver causing amount of drug
available for systemic circulation to be decreased.
occurs through portal vein, then goes to liver which takes a certain amount of the drug
that is available to the body for distribution.
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