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Nurs 425 Final Part 2 Burn & shock fully solved & verified for accuracy.
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Nurs 425 Final Part 2 Burn & shock fully solved & verified for accuracy.
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Nurs 425 Final Part 2:Burn & shock fully
solved & verified for
accuracy
describe a burn - answer injury to the skin or other tissues of the
body caused by heat, chemicals electric current or radiation
-leads to difficulty maintaining airway & adequate circulation-->
perfusion issue, fluid electrolyte imbalances
has the incidence of burns increased or decreased? what are
majority of burn deaths related to? - answer -incidence has
decreased
-related to pulmonary injury
what is the most common source of burn? - answer fire followed by
scald, hot object contact, electrical, chemical, and other
what are the functions of skin - answer •Protects against excessive
fluid and electrolyte losses
•Protects against pathogens: huge infection risk
•Protects against ultraviolet radiation
•Accepts initial trauma for most injuries
•as you bump against something, your skin provides some
cushioning
•Sensation
,explain the patho of burns - answer -damaged cells release
inflammatory mediators--> increase capillary permeability, K+
released
-results in fluid shifts from vasculature to interstitial space= less
vascular volume= increased hematocrit and blood viscosity
-leads to hypovolemic burn shock
thermal burns - answer -caused by exposure to hot flame, scald, or
object
-most common type of burn injury
-severity depends on layers affected, burn agent, and contact time
what is the greatest factor that influences burn outcome? - answer
fluid resuscitation
-if we can flush out the system and get blood moving and reduce the
inflammatory mediators, we can control the damage
chemical burns - answer -result of exposure to acid, alkali, or
organic substances
-acid substances ex. HCL, hydrofloric cause eschar type of wound
-alkali substances ex. oven/drain cleaner cause more damage bc
they stick to tissue --> protein hydrolysis and melting
how do we treat chemical burns - answer treated by quickly
removing any chemical particles or powder from skin, remove all
clothing containing the burning chemical, flush area with copious
amounts of water for 20min-2hrs
electrical burns - answer -result from energy conversion of
electrical energy into heat
-externally skin is primary resistor
, -difficult to assess extent of damage during initial assessment bc
most damage is below the skin
-at risk for dysrhythmias and internal organ damage
what is one thing you must do before touching a patient suspected
of having an electrical burn? - answer make sure they are clear of
the electrical source
how do we determine severity of a burn? - answer -directly related
to temperature and duration of contact
-outcome is determined by depth and TBSA burned, severity of
associated injuries, and prior health & age status
why is increased age a risk factor for increased incidence and
severity of burns? - answer •bc the elderly have:
Impaired senses and reaction times
•Thinner skin: burn through more layers in a shorter amount of time
•Decreased microcirculation
•Increased susceptibility to infection
characteristics of superficial burns - answer -very painful
-only involves the epidermis
-similar to a typical sunburn
manifest w/ erythema, blanching on pressure, mild swelling, no
blisters
characteristics of a partial thickness burn - answer cherry red, wet,
shiny, serous exudate painful, involves the epidermis and dermis
manifest with fluid filled vesicles that are red and may rupture
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