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BSNC 1000 - GAS EXCHANGE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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BSNC 1000 - GAS EXCHANGE EXAMQUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Development refers to ____. Describe some of the relevant elements. -
ANSWER: the development of physical, psychological, and cognitive abilities
across the human lifespan.
-It is affected by biological and environmental factors.
Growth is defined as an increase in the number and size of cells, which leads to
an overall increase in the size/weight of bodily parts.
-Influenced by biological and contextual characteristics, such as socioeconomic
status.
What are the top three factors determining growth and development? Explain
the ramifications for each. - ANSWER 1. Genetic or Natural Factors (2)
-Genetic endowment determines both physical characteristics and psychological
individuality.
-Temperament affects interactions between the individual and their
surroundings.
2. Environment
-Nutrition will affect physical growth.
-Family will influence emotional and social
development.
-The peer group will impact communication skills and social growth.
,-Physical growth will be influenced by the living environment (e.g., dirty water,
air, prenatal exposure to teratogenic drugs).
3. Interaction among these two elements
-Life experiences determine how a person employs (cognitive/genetic) what
they've learned from their position (environment).
-Prenatal health will influence a person's development (e.g., genetics; maternal
age; medical problems vs. environment; smoking, lack of nutrition).
What are the mechanisms of development? - ANSWER: the mechanisms that
underpin each developmental theory and enable developmental advancement
(e.g., organicism, psychosocial, mechanistic, contextualism, and dialecticism).
What are the five methods to think about development? Which categories do
Piaget, Kolhberg, Erickson, and Freud come into? - ANSWER 1. Organicism
(Piaget and Kohlberg)
2. Psychosocial/psychoanalytic (Freud and Erikson)
3. Mechanistic/Motor
4. Contextualism
5. Dialecticism
What are the three aspects of change that constitute the concept of
development? - ANSWER 1. Growth
2. Differentiation (i.e. cells are assigned specific tasks)
3. Maturation
,List the age groups (in order) where growth and development are often
monitored (10). - ANSWER 1. Embryologic
2. Infant
3. Toddler
4. Preschool
5. School age
6. Adolescent
7. Young adult.
8. Adult
9. Middle age
10. Older adults
What are the three phrases used to describe growth and development among age
groups? - ANSWER 1. Delayed (usually, neurologic/cognitive development or
maturation has not occurred)
2. Expected
3. Advanced
ex. Deciduous teeth usually begin to appear around 6 months after birth.
However, mine arrived around one year of age, therefore I was delayed in my
infancy stage.
, Identify six risk factors for growth and development. - ANSWER 1. Prenatal
variables (e.g., folic acid and smoking)
2. Birth Factors (e.g., umbilical cord around the neck, preterm)
3. Family variables (e.g., abusive family dynamics can slow a child's
psychosocial development)
4. Situational circumstances (for example, living in a poor country may result in
a lack of access to proper nutrition and delayed physical development).
5. Individual factors (e.g., ADHD can impair a child's cognitive development).
6. DoH (i.e. access to quality education may advance or delay a child's cognitive
development).
What stages of life are most affected by risk factors in terms of growth and
development? - ANSWER Stages of Rapid Growth:
-Embryologic
-Infant
-Toddler
-Preschool
-School age
-Adolescent
Growth, differentiation, and maturation correlate to six types of development.
List all six. - ANSWER 1. Physical/Physiological
2. Motor
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