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Hsci 207 Final Exam Questions And Answers 2024 Update
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Hsci 207 Final Exam Questions And Answers 2024 Update
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Hsci 207 Final Exam Questions AndAnswers 2024 Update
What is research? ANS✔✔ a systematic enquiry that aims to generate new scientific knowledge
What is health research? ANS✔✔ research that is relevant to health
Four pillars of health research ANS✔✔ 1. biomedical research
2. clinical research
3. health service research
4. social, cultural, environmental and population health research
Purpose of health research ANS✔✔ 1. to describe
2. to explain
3. to predict
4. to control
The role of researcher ANS✔✔ - study specific responsibilities
- develop research question
- select study design
- ensure study is ethically sound
- conduct data collection
- conduct data analysis
- prepare study findings
,Researcher administrative responsibilities ANS✔✔ - establish budget
- develop timeline or schedule for study
- record keeping
- supervise research team
The research process (12 step) ANS✔✔ 1. Identify research problem
2. Literature search: what we already know?
3. define problem
4. develop research question
5. generate hypotheisis
6. choose appropriate study desing
7. define variables and other key terms
8. identify study population of interest
9. conduct study
10. data analyses
11. inform others
12. start again
3 main types of research question ANS✔✔ descriptive, difference, relationship question
descriptive question ANS✔✔ identifies key feature and characteristics of pop. of interest
difference question ANS✔✔ how are sub-groups different from others
relationship question ANS✔✔ are 2 or more variables associated?
,Approaches to developing research question: PICO (T) ANS✔✔ P: patient, population, problem
I: intervention
C: comparison
O: outcomes
T: time frame
FINER Criteria ANS✔✔ Feasible
Interesting
Novel
Ethical
Relevant
Formulating qualitative research questions ANS✔✔ - content
- coherence: begin with active verb...
- structure: address 5 of 6 characteristics, who, what, where, when, what, how and why
Experimental design ANS✔✔ considered standard to establish cause-effect
eg. RCT
Exploratory design ANS✔✔ seek to examine relationships between variable
eg. cohort, cross-sectional
Descriptive design ANS✔✔ aim to identify key features of participants
eg. cross-sectional, qualitative studies
, Alternative hypothesis ANS✔✔ a testable statement that offers a predicted relationship between
exposure and outcome of interest
Null hypothesis ANS✔✔ states that there is no relationship between variables of interest
variable ANS✔✔ refers to what is being measured, manipulated, or controlled
independent variable ANS✔✔ exposure or cause
eg. variable altered or manipulated
dependent variable ANS✔✔ outcome or effect
eg. cannot be manipulated
control variable ANS✔✔ variable, related to both outcome and exposure that the researcher seeks to
minimize effects of
Quantitative argument ANS✔✔ research should utilize methods based on observation and
measurement because valid knowledge comes from objective measurement, not subjective
interpretation
Qualitative argument ANS✔✔ research should utilize methods based on subjective understandings of
meaning because valid knowledge comes from understanding how people subjectively interpret social
phenomena, not objective measurement
Quantitative methods ANS✔✔ - based on idea that social phenomena can be measured, quantified,
expressed numerically
- observation can provide direct numeric info or be classified into numeric variables
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