BIO 353 Cell Bio Exam Questions And Answers With Verified Quizzes 2024/2025
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Course
BIO 353
Institution
BIO 353
BIO 353 Cell Bio Exam Questions And Answers With Verified Quizzes 2024/2025
The breakdown of glucose into pyruvate releases less than 25% of the total energy present in glucose. The remaining energy is stored in the resulting (2) pyruvate molecules.
In the presence of oxygen, acting as an elect...
BIO 353 Cell Bio Exam Questions And Answers
The breakdown of glucose into pyruvate releases less than 25% of the total energy present in glucose.
The remaining energy is stored in the resulting (2) pyruvate molecules.
In the presence of oxygen, acting as an electron acceptor, complete substrate oxidation is possible.
______ is defined as "the oxidation driven flow of electrons, through or within a membrane, from
reduced coenzymes to an electron acceptor, usually accompanied by the generation of ATP."
The reduced cofactors crucial to electron transport are NADH and FADH2. ANS Respiration
Respiration has 4 stages
______
Splits glucose into pyruvate, generates 2 and 2 NADH in the cytosol.
The TCA cycle (Citric Acid Cycle or Crebs cycle)
Oxidizes pyruvate to _____ in the mitochondrial matrix.
Completely oxidizes acetyl CoA to ____.
Conserves energy as reduced coenzyme molecules NADH, FADH2 (which have high energy
electrons)
Electron transport
____ and ____ donate and transfer electrons through a series of carriers to O^2 , releasing energy in
each transfer step.
The energy is used to actively transport or "pump" protons across a membrane to generate an ______
____ gradient.
ATP synthesis
Uses the proton gradient as energy to drive ATP synthesis by ATP synthetase. ANS Glycolysis
,acetyl CoA
NADH
FADH2
electrochemical
proton
The Citric Acid or Tricarboxylic Acid or Krebs Cycle
The cycle takes place in the _____ matrix. Pyruvates need to be actively transported (pumped) from
the cytosol through mitochondrial inner membrane
_____ then undergoes oxidative ______ to form acetyl-CoA. ___ NADH is also produced.
The acetate group carried by CoA enters the cycle by being transferred to a 4-carbon dicarboxylic
acid called ______ to make ____ ____ - a six-carbon tricarboxylic acid (TCA) (step 1).
•Citrate is then isomerized to isocitrate by the aconitase enzyme (step 2).
•Steps 3 and 4 successive ___ ____ reactions follow. Each of which produces ____ reduced
coenzyme ____ and releases one CO2, yielding a 4-carbon product bound to CoA (succinyl-Co-A).
ANS mitochondrial
Pyruvate
oxidative
decarboxylation
One
oxaloacetate
citric acid
oxidative decarboxylation
one
NADH
,The Citric Acid Cycle
The free energy available in the thiolester bond of succinyl-Co-A is utilized to synthesize a ___
molecule (in plant cells - ATP is produced) (step 5).
Succinate is oxidized to form fumarate. The oxidation to C=C (vs C=O) releases less energy, thus the
lower energy ___ coenzyme (not NAD) is reduced ____ (step 6).
Fumarate is hydrated to produce malate (step 7).
Malate is oxidized to regenerate oxaloacetate yielding another _____ molecule (step 8).
The oxaloacetate is now ready to react with a new acetyl-CoA to restart the cycle. ANS GTP
FAD
FADH2
NADH
Net reaction for ___:
Acetyl-CoA+ 3 NAD + FAD + ADP + PI-> 2CO2+ 3 NADH + FADH2+CoASH+ ATP
This stepwise oxidation of one molecule of pyruvate in the mitochondrion produces free energy that
is conserved as ___ ATP, ____ NADH, and ___ FADH2 molecules. ANS TCA
one
four
one
The TCA cycle
enzymes are also regulated by _____ control.
Note that the TCA
, Cycle is controlled
by levels of ___
and ___ just like
anaerobic glycolysis. ANS allosteric
ADP
ATP
Electron Transport Chain
At this point, glycolysis and the TCA have only produced 4 ATP molecules from each glucose
molecule.(2 from glycolysis and 2 from the TCA cycle)
Most of the energy is preserved in high energy electrons in ____ + _____.
____ + ___ donate electrons to the ETC. High energy electrons flow via the ETC to oxygen.
Large amounts of free energy are released when _____ + _____ are oxidized by the transfer of
electrons to O2. ANS NADH
FADH2
NADH
FADH2
NADH
FADH2
Electron Transport Chain
The energy level of the electrons from NADH and FADH2 is lowered in a stepwise fashion in an
electron transport chain (ETC).
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