what are the three main functions of the nervous system?
gather sensory input
integration
effects a motor output
how does the nervous system gather sensory input?
by monitoring internal and external (environment) stimuli (changes) using billions of
sensory receptors
how does the ner...
stimulation arising outside of the body (touch, pain, temperature)
what do interoceptors sense?
stimulation arising inside the body (chemical messengers, stretching of tissue, and
internal temperature)
what do proprioreceptors sense?
responds to internal stimuli, but located only in skeletal muscle, tendons, joints, and
ligaments as well as in connective tissue covering bones and muscles
what are the 5 main receptor types and their detected stimuli?
what are A- afferent fibers? (idk what that second symbol is)
noxious mechanoreceptors for quick, intense pain
what are C fibers?
classic pain receptors - deep pain, visceral aching pain
can also respond to other stimuli - cat response to petting
slowest, smallest diameter
what contributes to afferent input?
spinal nerves via dorsal root ganglion (sensory)
cranial nerves (I, II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X) - some sensory, some motor, mixed
what are the efferent somatic outputs?
upper motor neurons and lower motor neurons
what are upper motor neurons?
motor cortex
brain stem
project to motor nuclei of brainstem or spinal cord - active voluntary movement in LMN
what are lower motor neurons?
final common pathway
project to muscles
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